Inibidor de recaptação de serotonina-noradrenalina-dopamina

Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.

Os inibidores de recaptação de serotonina-noradrenalina-dopamina (SNDRIs), também conhecidos como inibidores triplos de recaptação (TRI), são uma classe farmacológica composta por drogas que inibem a recaptação dos neurotransmissores monoamínicos: serotonina, noradrenalina e dopamina.

Seu mecanismo de ação inibe, ao mesmo tempo, a recaptação neuronal do transportador de serotonina (SERT), noradrenalina (NET) e o dopamina (DAT). A inibição da recaptação desses neurotransmissores aumenta suas concentrações extracelulares e, portanto, estimulam a neurotransmissão serotoninérgica, noradrenérgica e dopaminérgica.

Usos clínicos[editar | editar código-fonte]

Depressão[editar | editar código-fonte]

O transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) é uma das principais patologias que sustentam a necessidade de desenvolvimento dos SNDRIs.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em 2006 a depressão foi a principal causa de deficiências e a quarta maior responsável pela Carga Global de Morbidade (CGM). Estima-se que a depressão atinga a segunda posição no ranking de esperança de vida corrigida pela incapacidade por volta de 2020.[11]

Farmacoterapia[editar | editar código-fonte]

Os SNDRIs são utilizados quando outros fármacos não produzem os efeitos terapêuticos esperados, como em casos de depressão resistente a tratamento. Embora dois terços das pessoas respondam adequadamento ao tratamento com outros antidepressivos, um terço das pessoas responde ao placebo,[12] e a taxa de recidiva (remissão incompleta_ devido aos sintomas de rebote são altas. Além da altaxa taxa de remissão pós-tratamento, os sintomas depressivos podem reaparecer mesmo ao decorrer das terapias de longo prazo (taquifilaxia). Além disso, os antidepressivos disponíveis atualmente provocam efeitos colaterais indesejáveis, de modo que a pesquisa médica busca compostos com menor potencial de efeitos adversos a fim de diminuir as recidivas ou desistências de tratamento.[6]

Outros[editar | editar código-fonte]

Lista de SNDRIs[editar | editar código-fonte]

Fármacos aprovados[editar | editar código-fonte]

SNDRIs fracos[editar | editar código-fonte]

Ensaios clínicos em andamento[editar | editar código-fonte]

Ensaios clínicos interrompidos[editar | editar código-fonte]

  • Bicifadina (DOV-220.075) - interrompido em 1981[37][38]
  • BMS-866.949
  • Brasofensina (NS-2214, BMS-204,756) (1995) [39]
  • Diclofensina (Ro 8-4650) (1982)[40][41]
  • DOV-216.303 (2004)[42][43]
  • EXP-561 (1965)[44]
  • Liafensina (BMS-820.836)
  • NS-2359 (GSK-372.475)[45]
  • RG-7166 (2009–2012)

Drogas projetadas[editar | editar código-fonte]

  • 3-Metil-PCPy[46]
  • Nafirona (O-2482, naftilpirovalerona, NRG-1) (2006) [47][48][49]

Compostos pesquisados (não testados em humanos)[editar | editar código-fonte]

  • 3,3-Difenilciclobutanamina (1978)[50]
  • 3,4-Diclorotametralina (trans-(1R,4S)-sertralina ) (1980)[51]
  • D-161 (2008)[52]
  • Desmetilsertralina - metabólito ativo da sertralina; afinidade 76 nM para SERT, 420 nM para NET, 440 nM para DAT[53]
  • DMNPC (2000)[54]
  • DOV-102.677 (2006–2011)[13]
  • GSK1360707F (2010) [55][56]
  • Indatralina (1985)[57]
  • JNJ-7925476 (2008; apareceu pela primeira vez em 1987) [58]
  • JZ-IV-10 (2005)[59]
  • JZAD-IV-22 (2010)[60]
  • LR-5182 (1978)[61][62][63]
  • Metilnaftidato (HDMP-28) (2001)[64]
  • MI-4[65][66]
  • PRC200-SS (2008)[67]
  • SKF-83.959 (2013)[68]
  • TP1 (2011)[69]
  • Vários feniltropanos, como WF-23, dicloropano e RTI-55[70]
  • NS9775[71]

Extratos botânicos[editar | editar código-fonte]

Referências

  1. ↑ Millan, MJ (2009). «Dual- and triple-acting agents for treating core and co-morbid symptoms of major depression: Novel concepts, new drugs». Neurotherapeutics. 6: 53–77. PMC 5084256Acessível livremente. PMID 19110199. doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.039 
  2. ↑ Kulkarni, SK; Dhir, A (2009). «Current investigational drugs for major depression». Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 18: 767–88. PMID 19426122. doi:10.1517/13543780902880850 
  3. ↑ Guiard, BP; El Mansari, M; Blier, P (2009). «Prospect of a dopamine contribution in the next generation of antidepressant drugs: The triple reuptake inhibitors». Current Drug Targets. 10: 1069–84. PMID 19702555. doi:10.2174/138945009789735156 
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  39. ↑ EP 0756596 
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  69. ↑ Tian, JW; Jiang, WL; Zhong, Y; Meng, Q; Gai, Y; Zhu, HB; Hou, J; Xing, Y; Li, YX (2011). «Preclinical pharmacology of TP1, a novel potent triple reuptake inhibitor with antidepressant properties». Neuroscience. 196: 124–30. PMID 21925241. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.064 
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  73. ↑ Mechan, Annis O.; Fowler, Ann; Seifert, Nicole; Rieger, Henry; Wöhrle, Tina; Etheve, Stéphane; Wyss, Adrian; Schüler, Göde; Colletto, Biagio (2010). «Monoamine reuptake inhibition and mood-enhancing potential of a specified oregano extract». British Journal of Nutrition. 105: 1150–1163. ISSN 0007-1145. PMID 21205415. doi:10.1017/S0007114510004940 
  74. ↑ Sasaki, Kazunori; El Omri, Abdelfatteh; Kondo, Shinji; Han, Junkyu; Isoda, Hiroko (2013). «Rosmarinus officinalis polyphenols produce anti-depressant like effect through monoaminergic and cholinergic functions modulation». Behavioural Brain Research. 238: 86–94. ISSN 0166-4328. PMID 23085339. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.010 
  75. ↑ Jin, Zeng-Liang; Gao, Nana; Zhou, Dan; Chi, Mu-Gen; Yang, Xue-Mei; Xu, Jiang-Ping (2012). «The extracts of Fructus Akebiae, a preparation containing 90% of the active ingredient hederagenin: Serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor». Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 100: 431–439. ISSN 0091-3057. PMID 22005599. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.001 
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