James Tait Black Memorial Prize

Prémio James Tait Black Memorial
Descrição	Prémio literário
Organização	Universidade de Edimburgo
País	Reino Unido
Primeira cerimónia	1919
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James Tait Black Memorial Prize é o mais antigo e um dos mais importantes prêmios literários britânicos. É concedido para obras escritas em língua inglesa e é dividido em duas categorias: ficção e biografia. Com sede na Universidade de Edimburgo, na Escócia, os prêmios foram fundados em 1919 por Janet Coutts Black em memória de seu falecido marido, James Tait Black, sócio da editora A & C Black.

História

Quatro ganhadores do Prêmio Nobel de Literatura receberam o James Tait Black no início de suas carreiras; William Golding, Nadine Gordimer e J. M. Coetzee, cada um destes recebeu o James Tait Black por suas obras de ficção, enquanto Doris Lessing ganhou o prêmio de biografia. Além desses laureados com o Nobel literário, Ronald Ross recebeu o prêmio de biografia por sua autobiografia, Memoirs, Etc. (1923), ele já havia sido laureado com um Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina em 1902 por seu trabalho sobre a malária.

Outras personalidades literárias que receberam o prêmio de ficção incluem D. H. Lawrence, E. M. Forster, Arnold Bennett, Bruce Chatwin, John Buchan, Robert Graves, Arthur Waley, Graham Greene, Evelyn Waugh, Muriel Spark, J. G. Ballard, Angela Carter, Margaret Drabble, John Berger, Iris Murdoch e Salman Rushdie. Os beneficiários do prêmio biografia incluem John Buchan, Antonia Fraser, Richard Ellmann, Ruth Dudley Edwards, Claire Tomalin, Diarmaid MacCulloch, R. F. Foster, Martin Amis e John Carey.

Processo de seleção e gestão do prêmio

São permitidos no processo de seleção somente obras de ficção e biografia escritas em inglês e publicadas pela primeira vez no Reino Unido nos 12 meses anteriores à data de apresentação. Os dois prêmios podem ir para o mesmo autor, mas nenhum prêmio poderá ser concedido ao mesmo autor mais de uma vez.

Os vencedores são escolhidos pelo professor de literatura inglesa da Universidade que recebe ajuda de estudantes de doutorado na fase de elaboração da lista. Tal estrutura associada à ausência de patrocinador e outros meios de comunicação no júri dão credibilidade ao prêmio.

Lista dos vencedores

Ano	Ficção	Ano	Biografia
1919	Hugh Walpole, The Secret City	1919	Henry Festing Jones, Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835-1902) - A Memoir
1920	D. H. Lawrence, The Lost Girl	1920	G. M. Trevelyan, Lord Grey of the Reform Bill (Earl Grey)
1921	Walter de la Mare, Memoirs of a Midget	1921	Lytton Strachey, Queen Victoria (Queen Victoria)
1922	David Garnett, Lady into Fox	1922	Percy Lubbock, Earlham
1923	Arnold Bennett, Riceyman Steps	1923	Ronald Ross, Memoirs, Etc.
1924	E. M. Forster, A Passage to India	1924	William Wilson, The House of Airlie (The Earls of Airlie)
1925	Liam O'Flaherty, The Informer	1925	Geoffrey Scott, The Portrait of Zelide (Isabelle de Charrière)
1926	Radclyffe Hall, Adam's Breed	1926	Reverend Dr H. B. Workman, John Wyclif: A Study of the English Medieval Church (John Wycliffe)
1927	Francis Brett Young, Portrait of Clare	1927	H. A. L. Fisher, James Bryce, Viscount Bryce of Dechmont, O.M. (James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce)
1928	Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man	1928	John Buchan, Montrose (James Graham)
1929	J. B. Priestley, The Good Companions	1929	Lord David Cecil, The Stricken Deer: or The Life of Cowper (William Cowper)
1930	E. H. Young, Miss Mole	1930	Francis Yeats-Brown, Lives of a Bengal Lancer (autobiography)
1931	Kate O'Brien, Without My Cloak	1931	J. Y. T. Greig, David Hume (David Hume)
1932	Helen de Guerry Simpson, Boomerang	1932	Stephen Gwynn, The Life of Mary Kingsley (Mary Kingsley)
1933	A. G. Macdonell, England, Their England	1933	Violet Clifton, The Book of Talbot (John Talbot Clifton)
1934	Robert Graves, I, Claudius e Claudius the God	1934	J. E. Neale, Queen Elizabeth (Isabel I de Inglaterra)
1935	L. H. Myers, The Root and the Flower	1935	Raymond Wilson Chambers, Thomas More (Thomas More)
1936	Winifred Holtby, South Riding	1936	Edward Sackville West, A Flame in Sunlight: The Life and Work of Thomas de Quincey (Thomas de Quincey)
1937	Neil M. Gunn, Highland River	1937	Lord Eustace Percy, John Knox (John Knox)
1938	C. S. Forester, A Ship of the Line and Flying Colours	1938	Sir Edmund Chambers, Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
1939	Aldous Huxley, After Many a Summer	1939	David C. Douglas, English Scholars
1940	Charles Morgan, The Voyage	1940	Hilda F. M. Prescott, Spanish Tudor: Mary I of England (Maria I de Inglaterra)
1941	Joyce Cary, A House of Children	1941	John Gore, King George V (George V)
1942	Arthur Waley, Translation of Monkey de Wu Cheng'en	1942	Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede, Henry Ponsonby: Queen Victoria's Private Secretary (Henry Ponsonby)
1943	Mary Lavin, Tales from Bective Bridge	1943	G. G. Coulton, Fourscore Years
1944	Forrest Reid, Young Tom	1944	C. V. Wedgwood, William the Silent (William o Calado)
1945	L. A. G. Strong, Travellers	1945	D. S. MacColl, Philip Wilson Steer (Philip Wilson Steer)
1946	Oliver Onions, Poor Man's Tapestry	1946	Richard Aldington, A Life of Wellington: The Duke (Arthur Wellesley)
1947	L. P. Hartley, Eustace and Hilda	1947	Rev. C. C. E. Raven, English Naturalists from Neckam to Ray (Alexander Neckam e John Ray)
1948	Graham Greene, The Heart of the Matter	1948	Percy A. Scholes, The Great Dr. Burney (Charles Burney)
1949	Emma Smith, The Far Cry	1949	John Connell, W. E. Henley (W. E. Henley)
1950	Robert Henriques, Through the Valley	1950	Cecil Woodham-Smith, Florence Nightingale (Florence Nightingale)
1951	Chapman Mortimer, Father Goose	1951	Noel Annan, Leslie Stephen (Leslie Stephen)
1952	Evelyn Waugh, Sword of Honour	1952	G. M. Young, Stanley Baldwin (Stanley Baldwin)
1953	Margaret Kennedy, Troy Chimneys	1953	Carola Oman, Sir John Moore (John Moore)
1954	C. P. Snow, The New Men and The Masters	1954	Keith Feiling, Warren Hastings (Warren Hastings)
1955	Ivy Compton-Burnett, Mother and Son	1955	R. W. Ketton-Cremer, Thomas Gray (Thomas Gray)
1956	Rose Macaulay, The Towers of Trebizond	1956	St John Greer Ervine, George Bernard Shaw (George Bernard Shaw)
1957	Anthony Powell, At Lady Molly's	1957	Maurice Cranston, Life of John Locke (John Locke)
1958	Angus Wilson, The Middle Age of Mrs. Eliot	1958	Joyce Hemlow, The History of Fanny Burney (Fanny Burney)
1959	Morris West, The Devil's Advocate	1959	Christopher Hassall, Edward Marsh (Edward Marsh)
1960	Rex Warner, Imperial Caesar	1960	Canon Adam Fox, The Life of Dean Inge (Dean Inge)
1961	Jennifer Dawson, The Ha-Ha	1961	M. K. Ashby, Joseph Ashby of Tysoe (Joseph Ashby)
1962	Ronald Hardy, Act of Destruction	1962	Meriol Trevor, Newman: The Pillar and the Cloud and Newman: Light in Winter (John Henry Newman)
1963	Gerda Charles, A Slanting Light	1963	Georgina Battiscombe, John Keble: A Study in Limitations (John Keble)
1964	Frank Tuohy, The Ice Saints	1964	Elizabeth Longford, Victoria R.I. (Rainha Vitória)
1965	Muriel Spark, The Mandelbaum Gate	1965	Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth: The Later Years 1803-1850 (William Wordsworth)
1966	Christine Brooke-Rose, Such, e Aidan Higgins, Langrishe, Go Down	1966	Geoffrey Keynes, The Life of William Harvey (William Harvey)
1967	Margaret Drabble, Jerusalem The Golden	1967	Winifred Gérin, Charlotte Brontë: The Evolution of Genius (Charlotte Brontë)
1968	Maggie Ross, The Gasteropod	1968	Gordon Haight, George Eliot (George Eliot)
1969	Elizabeth Bowen, Eva Trout	1969	Antonia Fraser, Mary, Queen of Scots (Maria I, Rainha de Escócia)
1970	Lily Powell, The Bird of Paradise	1970	Jasper Ridley, Lord Palmerston (Henry Temple, 3.º Visconde Palmerston)
1971	Nadine Gordimer, A Guest of Honour	1971	Julia Namier, Lewis Namier (Lewis Namier)
1972	John Berger, G	1972	Quentin Bell, Virginia Woolf (Virginia Woolf)
1973	Iris Murdoch, The Black Prince	1973	Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great (Alexander the Great)
1974	Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur: or, The Prince of Darkness	1974	John Wain, Samuel Johnson (Samuel Johnson)
1975	Brian Moore, The Great Victorian Collection	1975	Karl Miller, Cockburn's Millennium (Henry Cockburn)
1976	John Banville, Doctor Copernicus	1976	Ronald Hingley, A New Life of Chekhov (Chekhov)
1977	John le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy	1977	George Painter, Chateaubriand: Volume 1 - The Longed-For Tempests (François-René de Chateaubriand)
1978	Maurice Gee, Plumb	1978	Robert Gittings, The Older Hardy (Thomas Hardy)
1979	William Golding, Darkness Visible	1979	Brian Finney, Christopher Isherwood: A Critical Biography (Christopher Isherwood)
1980	J. M. Coetzee, Waiting for the Barbarians	1980	Robert B. Martin, Tennyson: The Unquiet Heart (Alfred Tennyson)
1981	Salman Rushdie, Midnight's Children, e Paul Theroux, The Mosquito Coast	1981	Victoria Glendinning, Edith Sitwell: Unicorn Among Lions (Edith Sitwell)
1982	Bruce Chatwin, On The Black Hill	1982	Richard Ellmann, James Joyce (James Joyce)
1983	Jonathan Keates, Allegro Postillions	1983	Alan Walker, Franz Liszt: The Virtuoso Years (Franz Liszt)
1984	J. G. Ballard, Empire of the Sun, e Angela Carter, Nights at the Circus	1984	Lyndall Gordon, Virginia Woolf: A Writer's Life (Virginia Woolf)
1985	Robert Edric, Winter Garden	1985	David Nokes, Jonathan Swift: A Hypocrite Reversed (Jonathan Swift)
1986	Jenny Joseph, Persephone	1986	Dame Felicitas Corrigan, Helen Waddell (Helen Waddell)
1987	George Mackay Brown, The Golden Bird: Two Orkney Stories	1987	Ruth Dudley Edwards, Victor Gollancz: A Biography (Victor Gollancz)
1988	Piers Paul Read, A Season in the West	1988	Brian McGuinness, Wittgenstein, A Life: Young Ludwig (1889-1921) (Ludwig Wittgenstein)
1989	James Kelman, A Disaffection	1989	Ian Gibson, Federico García Lorca: A Life (Federico García Lorca)
1990	William Boyd, Brazzaville Beach	1990	Claire Tomalin, The Invisible Woman: The Story of Nelly Ternan and Charles Dickens (Ellen Ternan e Charles Dickens)
1991	Iain Sinclair, Downriver	1991	Adrian Desmond e James Moore, Darwin (Charles Darwin)
1992	Rose Tremain, Sacred Country	1992	Charles Nicholl, The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe (Christopher Marlowe)
1993	Caryl Phillips, Crossing the River	1993	Richard Holmes, Dr Johnson and Mr Savage (Samuel Johnson)
1994	Alan Hollinghurst, The Folding Star	1994	Doris Lessing, Under My Skin
1995	Christopher Priest, The Prestige	1995	Gitta Sereny, Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth (Albert Speer)
1996	Graham Swift, Last Orders, e Alice Thompson, Justine	1996	Diarmaid MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer: A Life (Thomas Cranmer)
1997	Andrew Miller, Ingenious Pain	1997	R. F. Foster, W. B. Yeats: A Life, Volume 1 - The Apprentice Mage 1965-1914 (W. B. Yeats)
1998	Beryl Bainbridge, Master Georgie	1998	Peter Ackroyd, The Life of Thomas More (Thomas More)
1999	Timothy Mo, Renegade, or Halo2	1999	Kathryn Hughes, George Eliot: The Last Victorian (George Eliot)
2000	Zadie Smith, White Teeth	2000	Martin Amis, Experience
2001	Sid Smith, Something Like a House	2001	Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes: Volume 3 - Fighting for Britain 1937-1946 (John Maynard Keynes)
2002	Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections	2002	Jenny Uglow, The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made the Future 1730-1810 (Lunar Society of Birmingham)
2003	Andrew O'Hagan, Personality	2003	Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: Volume 2 - The Power of Place (Charles Darwin)
2004	David Peace, GB84	2004	Jonathan Bate, John Clare: A Biography (John Clare)
2005	Ian McEwan, Saturday	2005	Sue Prideaux, Edvard Munch: Behind the Scream (Edvard Munch)
2006	Cormac McCarthy, The Road	2006	Byron Rogers, The Man Who Went Into the West: The Life of R. S. Thomas (R. S. Thomas)
2007	Rosalind Belben, Our Horses in Egypt	2007	Rosemary Hill, God's Architect: Pugin and the Building of Romantic Britain (Augustus Pugin)
2008	Sebastian Barry, The Secret Scripture	2008	Michael Holroyd, A Strange Eventful History (The families of Ellen Terry and Henry Irving)
2009	A. S. Byatt, The Children's Book	2009	John Carey, William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord of the Flies (William Golding)
2010	Tatjana Soli, The Lotus Eaters	2010	Hilary Spurling, Burying the Bones: Pearl Buck in China (Pearl Buck)
2011	Padgett Powell, You and I	2011	Fiona MacCarthy, The Last Pre-Raphaelite: Edward Burne-Jones and the Victorian Imagination (Edward Burne-Jones)
2012	Alan Warner, The Deadman's Pedal	2012	[Tanya Harrod]], The Last Sane Man: Michael Cardew, Modern Pots, Colonialism and the Counterculture (Michael Cardew)
2013	Jim Crace, Harvest	2013	Hermione Lee, Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life
2014	Zia Haider Rahman, In the Light of What We Know	2014	Richard Benson, The Valley: A Hundred Years in the Life of a Family
2015	Benjamin Markovits, You Don't Have to Live Like This	2015	James Shapiro, 1606, Shakespeare and the Year of Lear
2016	Eimear McBride, The Lesser Bohemians	2016	Laura Cumming, The Vanishing Man

Ligações externas

• «Página de James Tait Black Prizes, Universidade de Edimburgo» (em inglês)