Lista de cientistas jesuitas

Esta é uma lista de cientistas jesuitas, que contribuíram de alguma forma para a história da ciência. Membros da Companhia de Jesus tem um papel histórico e ocasionalmente controverso na história da ciência. Muitos jesuítas foram cientistas notáveis que não se envolveram de forma significativa na discussão da relação entre religião e ciência.

Jesuit Astronomers with Chinese Scholars in the 18th Century

Século XVII

• José de Acosta (1540–1600), um dos primeiros naturalistas e antropólogos da América.
• Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), Spanish mathematician, translator, and noted for his importance to the Jesuit China missions.
• Cristóvão Clávio (1538–1612), German mathematician and astronomer, most noted in connection with the Gregorian calendar, but also his arithmetic books were used by many mathematicians including Leibniz and Descartes.
• François d'Aguilon (1567-1617), Belgian mathematician and physicist who worked on optics.
• Giuseppe Biancani (1566-1624), Italian astronomer and selenographer who wrote Sphaera mundi, seu cosmographia demonstrativa, ac facili methodo tradita.
• Wenceslas Pantaleon Kirwitzer (1588-1626), Czech astronomer and missionary to China.
• Charles Malapert (1581-1630), Belgian astronomer known for observing the stars of the southern sky and being against Copernicus.
• Christoph Grienberger (1561-1636), Austrian astronomer and mathematician.
• Christoph Scheiner (c.1573-1650), German astronomer noted for a dispute with Galileo Galilei over the discovery of Sunspots.
• Giovanni Battista Zupi (c.1590-1650), Italian astronomer who discovered that Mercury had orbital phases.
• Jean-Charles de la Faille (1597-1652), Belgian mathematician.
• Alexius Sylvius Polonus (1593-c.1653), Polish astronomer.
• Gerolamo Sersale (1584-1654), Italian Selenographer, the crater Sirsalis (crater) is named after him.
• Johann Baptist Cysat (1587-1657), Swiss mathematician and astronomer, who did important research on comets and the Orion nebula.
• Mario Bettinus (1582-1657), Italian mathematician and astronomer.
• Michał Boym (c. 1602-1659), Polish missionary to China known for botanical and zoological works.
• André Tacquet (1612-1660), Flemish mathematician whose work prepared the ground for the eventual discovery of calculus.
• Francesco Maria Grimaldi 1618-1663), Italian physicist, who coined the word 'diffraction' and used instruments to measure geological features on the Moon.
• Antoine de Laloubère (1600-1664), French mathematician who studied the properties of the helix.
• Gaspar Schott (1608-1666), German scientist who wrote on various mechanical and scientific topics, example gear, but did little original research.
• Niccolo Zucchi (1586-1670), Italian astronomer known for his study of Jupiter and work on telescope design.
• Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598-1671), Italian astronomer who was the first to note that Mizar was a "double star."
• Albert Curtz (1600-1671), German astronomer.
• Jacques de Billy (1602-1679), French mathematician who wrote on number theory and astronomy.
• Athanasius Kircher (1601-1680), German who in his Scrutinium Pestis of 1658 he noted the presence of "little worms" or "animalcules" in the blood, and concluded that the disease was caused by micro-organisms. This is antecedent to germ theory.

Século XVIII

• Valentin Stansel (1621 – 1705), Czech astronomer in Brazil, who discovered a comet, that after accurate positions were made via F. de Gottignies in Goa, became known as Estancel-Gottignies comet.
• Jiří Josef Camel (1661-1706), Czech missionary and botanist, the genus Camellia is named for him.
• Paolo Casati (1617-1707), Italian scientist, notable in meteorology and speculation on Vacuums.
• Franz Reinzer (1661-1708), Austrian writer who wrote about comets, meteors, lightning, winds, fossils, metals, etc.
• Bartolomeu de Gusmão (1685-1724), Brazilian naturalist noted for developing the first working aerostats.
• Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri (1667-1733), Italian mathematician who was perhaps the first European to write about Non-Euclidean geometry.
• Tommaso Ceva (1648-1737), Italian mathematician and poet who wrote a work on geometry.
• Michel Benoist (1715-1774), missionary to China and scientist.
• Vincenzo Riccati (1707-1775), Italian mathematician and physicist.
• Giuseppe Asclepi (1706-1776), Italian astronomer.
• Christian Mayer (1719-1783), Czech astronomer known for his pioneering study of binary stars.
• Roger Joseph Boscovich (1711–1787), a Croatian Polymath famous for his atomic theory in part. Also for devising perhaps the first geometric procedure for determining the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position.
• Maximilian Hell (1720-1792), Hungarian director of the Vienna Observatory who wrote astronomy tables and observed the Transit of Venus.
• Ignacije Szentmartony (1718-1793), Croatian who 'obtained the title of royal mathematician and astronomer' and used his astronomical knowledge in mapping parts of Brazil.

Século XIX

• Franz de Paula Triesnecker (1745-1817), Austrian astronomer.
• Josef Dobrovský (1753-1829), philologist, linguist, slavist and historian. One of most prominent people in Czech national revival.
• Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829), Chilean ornithologist and a botanist with an Author citation (botany).
• Angelo Secchi (1818-1878), Italian astronomer who discovered the existence of solar spicules and drew an early map of Mars.
• Joseph Bayma (1816-1892), Italian mathematician who did work relating to stereochemistry.
• Benito Viñes (1837-1893), Spanish scientist who led the Bethlehem College Observatory in Havana and was known as “Father Hurricane” because of his research on hurricanes.

Século XX

Ficheiro:Teilhard de Chardin(1).jpg

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

• Pierre Marie Heude (1836-1902), French missionary and zoologist.
• Manuel Magri (1851–1907), Maltese folklorist and archaeologist.
• Eugene Lafont (1837-1908), Belgian founder of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.
• Gyula Fényi (1845-1927), Hungarian astronomer noted for his observations of the Sun.
• Franz Xaver Kugler (1862-1929), German mathematician, most known for his study of cuneiform tablets as well as being a chemist.
• James Cullen (1867-1933), Irish mathematician, known for the Cullen numbers.
• Theodor Wulf (1868-1946), German physicist who was among the first experimenters to detect excess atmospheric radiation.
• Emile Licent (1876–1952), French Jesuit trained as a natural historian. He spent more than twenty-five years researching in Tianjin, China.
• Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955), French Palaeontologist and philosopher involved in the discovery of the so-called Peking Man.
• Paul McNally (1890-1955), American astronomer who was a director of the Georgetown Observatory.
• James Macelwane (1883-1956), American seismologist

Século XXI

• Luís Archer (1926-2011), Portuguese molecular biologist and editor of the journal Brotéria from 1962 to 2002.
• Roberto Busa (1913-2011), Italian priest pioneer in the usage of computers for linguistic and literary analysis.
• Guy Consolmagno (1952-), American astronomer at the Vatican Observatory who has primarily devoted himself to planetary science. He received his B.A. (1974) and M.A. (1975) from M.I.T. and earned a Ph.D. (1978) from the University of Arizona.
• George V. Coyne (1933-), American astronomer whose research interests have been in polarimetric studies of various subjects including Seyfert galaxies.
• Kevin T. FitzGerald (1955-), American molecular biologist and holds the Dr. David Lauler chair in Catholic Health Care Ethics at Georgetown University.
• José Gabriel Funes (1963-), Argentine director of the Vatican Observatory, succeeding George Coyne.
• Frank Haig (1928-), American physics professor.
• Michael C. McFarland (1948-), American computer scientist and president of the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts.

Fictional Jesuits

The 'Jesuit scientist' has been used as a character of faith in several works of science fiction, some examples include:

• Father Ramon Ruiz-Sanchez - A character in James Blish's A Case of Conscience.
• The Sparrow by Mary Doria Russell features several Jesuit scientists with the main one being the linguist Emilio Sandoz.
• The Star by Arthur C. Clarke features a Jesuit scientist in a prominent role.
• Father Paul Duré, a Jesuit theologian, archaeologist, ethnologist, and follower of Teilhard de Chardin - A character in Dan Simmons's novel Hyperion

Ver também

• Anexo:Lista de clérigos-cientistas católicos
• Anexo:Lista de cientistas católicos

Ligações externas

• Fairfield University on Jesuits in science (via archive.org)
• Loyola University Chicago - Jesuits and the Sciences page