Arthur Schawlow

Arthur Schawlow
Física


Nacionalidade	Estadunidense

Nascimento	5 de Maio de 1921
Local	Mount Vernon

Morte	28 de Abril de 1999 (77 anos)
Local	Palo Alto

Atividade
Campo(s)	Física
Instituições	Bell Labs, Universidade Columbia, Universidade Stanford
Alma mater	Universidade de Toronto
Orientador(es)	Malcolm Crawford
Conhecido(a) por	Espectroscopia laser

Prêmio(s)	Medalha e Prêmio Young (1963), Medalha Frederic Ives (1976), Prêmio Marconi (1977), Nobel de Física (1981), Medalha Nacional de Ciências (1991), National Inventors Hall of Fame (1996)

Arthur Leonard Schawlow (Mount Vernon, 5 de Maio de 1921 — Palo Alto, 28 de Abril de 1999) foi um físico estadunidense.

Recebeu o Nobel de Física de 1981, pela descoberta de violações dos princípios fundamentais de simetria no decaimento de mesons-K neutros.

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Prêmio Arthur L. Schawlow de Física do Laser

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Precedido por
James Watson Cronin e Val Logsdon Fitch

Nobel de Física
1981
com Nicolaas Bloembergen e Kai Siegbahn

Sucedido por
Kenneth Wilson

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v • e Presidentes da American Physical Society
1899-1925	1899 Henry Augustus Rowland • 1901 Albert Abraham Michelson • 1903 Arthur Gordon Webster • 1905 Carl Barus • 1907 Edward Leamington Nichols • 1909 Henry Crew • 1911 William Francis Magie • 1913 Benjamin Osgood Peirce • 1914 Ernest Merritt • 1916 Robert Andrews Millikan • 1918 Henry Andrews Bumstead • 1919 Joseph Sweetman Ames • 1921 Theodore Lyman • 1923 Thomas Corwin Mendenhall • 1925 Dayton Miller
1926-1950	1927 Karl Taylor Compton • 1929 Henry Gale • 1931 William Francis Gray Swann • 1933 Paul Darwin Foote • 1934 Arthur Holly Compton • 1935 Robert Williams Wood • 1936 Floyd Richtmyer • 1937 Harrison Randall • 1938 Lyman Briggs • 1939 John Tate • 1940 John Zeleny • 1941 George Braxton Pegram • 1941 Gideon Tabor Stewart • 1942 Percy Williams Bridgman • 1943 Albert Hull • 1944 Arthur Jeffrey Dempster • 1945 Harvey Fletcher • 1946 Edward Condon • 1947 Lee Alvin DuBridge • 1948 Robert Oppenheimer • 1949 Francis Wheeler Loomis • 1950 Isidor Isaac Rabi
1951-1975	1951 Charles Christian Lauritsen • 1952 John Hasbrouck Van Vleck • 1953 Enrico Fermi • 1954 Hans Bethe • 1955 Raymond Thayer Birge • 1956 E. Wigner • 1957 Henry DeWolf Smyth • 1958 Jesse Beams • 1959 George Eugene Uhlenbeck • 1960 Victor Weisskopf • 1961 Frederick Seitz • 1962 William Vermillion Houston • 1963 John Harry Williams • 1964 Robert Bacher • 1965 Felix Bloch • 1966 John Archibald Wheeler • 1967 Charles Hard Townes • 1968 John Bardeen • 1969 Luis Walter Alvarez • 1970 Edward Mills Purcell • 1971 Robert Serber • 1972 Philip McCord Morse • 1973 Joseph Edward Mayer • 1974 Wolfgang Panofsky • 1975 Chien-Shiung Wu
1976-2000	1976 William Alfred Fowler • 1977 George Pake • 1978 Norman Foster Ramsey • 1979 Lewis Branscomb • 1980 Herman Feshbach • 1981 Arthur Schawlow • 1982 Maurice Goldhaber • 1983 Robert Marshak • 1984 Mildred Dresselhaus • 1985 Robert Rathbun Wilson • 1986 Sidney Drell • 1987 Val Logsdon Fitch • 1989 J. Krumhansl • 1990 Eugen Merzbacher • 1991 Nicolaas Bloembergen • 1992 Ernest Henley • 1993 Donald Langenberg • 1994 Burton Richter • 1995 Chandra Kumar Patel • 1996 John Robert Schrieffer • 1997 David Allan Bromley • 1998 Andrew Sessler • 1999 Jerome Isaac Friedman • 2000 James Langer
2001-futuro	2001 George Trilling • 2002 William Brinkman • 2003 Myriam Sarachik • 2004 Helen Quinn • 2005 Marvin Cohen • 2006 John Hopfield • 2007 Leo Kadanoff • 2008 Arthur Bienenstock • 2009 Cherry A. Murray • 2010 Curtis Callan • 2011 Barry C. Barish • 2012 Robert L. Byer • 2013 Michael Turner • 2014 Malcolm R. Beasley

v • e Nobel de Física (1901 — 2014)
1901 — 1925	Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen · Hendrik Lorentz e Pieter Zeeman · Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie e Marie Curie · John William Strutt · Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard · Joseph John Thomson · Albert Abraham Michelson · Gabriel Lippmann · Guglielmo Marconi e Karl Ferdinand Braun · Johannes Diderik van der Waals · Wilhelm Wien · Nils Gustaf Dalén · Heike Kamerlingh Onnes · Max von Laue · William Henry Bragg e William Lawrence Bragg · Charles Glover Barkla · Max Planck · Johannes Stark · Charles Édouard Guillaume · Albert Einstein · Niels Bohr · Robert Andrews Millikan · Karl Siegbahn · James Franck e Gustav Ludwig Hertz
1926 — 1950	Jean Baptiste Perrin · Arthur Holly Compton e Charles Thomson Rees Wilson · Owen Willans Richardson · Louis de Broglie · Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman · Werner Karl Heisenberg · Erwin Schrödinger e Paul Dirac · James Chadwick · Victor Franz Hess e Carl David Anderson · Clinton Davisson e George Paget Thomson · Enrico Fermi · Ernest Orlando Lawrence · Otto Stern · Isidor Isaac Rabi · Wolfgang Pauli · Percy Williams Bridgman · Edward Victor Appleton · Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett · Hideki Yukawa · Cecil Frank Powell
1951 — 1975	John Douglas Cockcroft e Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton · Felix Bloch e Edward Mills Purcell · Frits Zernike · Max Born e Walther Bothe · Willis Eugene Lamb e Polykarp Kusch · William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen e Walter Houser Brattain · Chen Ning Yang e Tsung-Dao Lee · Pavel Cherenkov, Illia Mikhailovich Frank e Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm • · Emilio Gino Segrè e Owen Chamberlain · Donald Arthur Glaser · Robert Hofstadter e Rudolf Mössbauer · Lev Landau · Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer e J. Hans D. Jensen · Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Basov e Aleksandr Prokhorov · Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger e Richard Feynman · Alfred Kastler · Hans Bethe · Luis Walter Alvarez · Murray Gell-Mann · Hannes Alfvén e Louis Eugène Félix Néel · Dennis Gabor · John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper e John Robert Schrieffer · Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever e Brian David Josephson · Martin Ryle e Antony Hewish · Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson e Leo James Rainwater
1976 — 2000	Burton Richter e Samuel Chao Chung Ting · Philip Warren Anderson, Nevill Francis Mott e John Hasbrouck Van Vleck · Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias e Robert Woodrow Wilson · Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam e Steven Weinberg · James Watson Cronin e Val Logsdon Fitch · Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schawlow e Kai Siegbahn · Kenneth G. Wilson · Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar e William Alfred Fowler · Carlo Rubbia e Simon van der Meer · Klaus von Klitzing · Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig e Heinrich Rohrer · Johannes Georg Bednorz e Karl Alexander Müller · Leon Max Lederman, Melvin Schwartz e Jack Steinberger · Norman Foster Ramsey, Hans Georg Dehmelt e Wolfgang Paul · Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall e Richard Edward Taylor · Pierre-Gilles de Gennes · Georges Charpak • Russell Alan Hulse e Joseph Hooton Taylor · Bertram Neville Brockhouse e Clifford Glenwood Shull · Martin Lewis Perl e Frederick Reines · David Morris Lee, Douglas Dean Osheroff e Robert Coleman Richardson · Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji e William Daniel Phillips · Robert Betts Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer e Daniel Chee Tsui · Gerardus 't Hooft e Martinus J. G. Veltman · Zhores Alferov, Herbert Kroemer e Jack Kilby
2001 — 2014	Eric Allin Cornell, Carl Wieman e Wolfgang Ketterle · Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba e Riccardo Giacconi · Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg e Anthony Leggett · David Gross, Hugh David Politzer e Frank Wilczek · Roy Glauber, John Lewis Hall e Theodor Hänsch · John Mather e George Fitzgerald Smoot III · Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg · Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi e Toshihide Masukawa · Charles Kao, Willard Boyle e George Smith · Andre Geim e Konstantin Novoselov · Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess e Brian Schmidt · Serge Haroche e David Wineland · François Englert e Peter Higgs · Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano e Shuji Nakamura

Arthur Schawlow

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