Benjamin Peirce

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Benjamin Peirce
Benjamin Peirce
Nascimento	4 de abril de 1809; Salem (Massachusetts)
Morte	6 de outubro de 1880 (71 anos); Cambridge (Massachusetts)
Sepultamento	Cambridge Cemetery
Nacionalidade	estadunidense
Cidadania	Estados Unidos
Progenitores	Benjamin Peirce; Lydia Ropes Peirce;
Cônjuge	Sarah Hunt Mills
Filho(a)(s)	Charles Sanders Peirce, Herbert H. D. Peirce, James Mills Peirce
Alma mater	Universidade Harvard
Ocupação	matemático, astrônomo, estatístico
Distinções	Membro Estrangeiro da Royal Society (1852); Membro da Academia Americana de Artes e Ciências (1834);
Empregador(a)	Universidade Harvard, Round Hill School
Orientador(a)(es/s)	Nathaniel Bowditch
Instituições	Universidade Harvard, National Geodetic Survey
Tese	1829
Obras destacadas	Peirce's criterion, Linear Associative Algebra, Propositions in Cosmical Physics, Ocean Lanes for Steamships, Development of the perturbative function of planetary motion, Spherical Conics, On the Uses and Transformations of Linear Algebra, Note on the extension of Lagrange's theorem for the development of functions, Probabilities at the Three-Ball Game of Billiards, Investigations in Quaternions, Surfaces of the Second Order, as Treated by Quaternions, Criterion for the rejection of doubtful observations
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Benjamin Peirce (Salem (Massachusetts), 4 de abril de 1809 — Cambridge (Massachusetts), 6 de outubro de 1880) foi um matemático estadunidense.

Foi professor da Universidade Harvard por quase 50 anos. Contribuiu com a mecânica celeste, estatística, teoria dos números, álgebra e filosofia da matemática.

Filho de Benjamin Peirce (1778–1881), que trabalhou na biblioteca de Harvard, e Lydia Ropes Nichols Peirce (1781–1868).^[1]

Após graduar-se em Harvard, lá permaneceu como tutor (1829), sendo indicado professor de matemática em 1831. A astronomia entrou em sua lista de interesses em 1842, e ele permaneceu como professor em Harvard até morrer. Foi diretor do National Geodetic Survey, de 1867 a 1874.

Pesquisa

Benjamin Peirce é reconhecido frequentemente como o primeiro estadunidense a ter suas pesquisas universalmente reconhecidas.^[2]

Obras

An Elementary Treatise on Plane and Solid Geometry, Boston: James Munroe and Company. Google Eprints of successive editions 1837–1873.
An Elementary Treatise on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Boston: James Munroe and Company. Google Eprints of successive editions 1840–1862.
Physical and Celestial Mechanics, Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Google Eprint of 1855 edition.
Linear Associative Algebra, lithograph by Peirce 1872. New edition with corrections, notes, and an added 1875 paper by Peirce, plus notes by his son Charles Sanders Peirce, published in the American Journal of Mathematics v. 4, 1881, Johns Hopkins University, pp. 221–226, Google Eprint and as an extract, D. Van Nostrand, 1882, Google Eprint.

Referências

↑ Rossiter Johnson; John Howard Brown (1904). The twentieth century biographical dictionary of notable Americans ... [S.l.]: The Biographical Society. pp. 269–. Consultado em 28 de agosto de 2011
↑ Stigler, Stephen M. (1978). «Mathematical Statistics in the Early States». Annals of Statistics. 6 (2): 239–265. JSTOR 2958876. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344123

Bibliografia

F. P. Matz, "B. O. Peirce: Biography," American Mathematical Monthly, 1895, № 2, 173–179. Google Eprint.
S. R. Peterson, "Benjamin Peirce: Mathematician and Philosopher," Journal of the History of Ideas, 16, 1955, 89–112.
P. Meier and S. Zaibel, "Benjamin Peirce and the Howland Will", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75, 1980, 497–506.
Peirce, Benjamin (1852), "Criterion for the Rejection of Doubtful Observations", Astronomical Journal II 45 and Errata to the original paper. Link pages for their non-PDF images of the article and its errata.
Peirce, Benjamin (1872, 1881), Linear Associative Algebra. Lithograph edition by Peirce 1872. New edition with corrections, notes, and an added 1875 paper by Peirce, plus notes by his son Charles Sanders Peirce, published in the American Journal of Mathematics v. 4, n. 1, 1881, Johns Hopkins University, pp. 221–226, Google Eprint, doi:10.2307/2369153 JSTOR and as an extract, D. Van Nostrand, 1882, Google Eprint, Internet Archive Eprint.
Peirce, Benjamin (1878), "On Peirce's Criterion", Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, v. 13 (whole series), v. 5 (new series), for May 1877 – May 1878, Boston: Press of John Wilson and Son, pp. 348–351. Google Eprint. JSTOR abstract.
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1870/1871/1873) "Appendix No. 21. On the Theory of Errors of Observation", Report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey Showing the Progress of the Survey During the Year 1870, pp. 200–224. Coast Survey Report submitted February 18, 1871, published 1873 by the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Reports 1837–1965. NOAA PDF Eprint (link goes to 1870 Report's p. 200, PDF's p. 215). Reprinted in pp. 140–160 of Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition: Volume 3, 1872–1878, Christian J. W. Kloesel et al., eds., Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253372011.
Stigler, Stephen M. (1980). «Mathematical Statistics in the Early States». In: Stephen M. Stigler. American Contributions to Mathematical Statistics in the Nineteenth Century, Volumes I & II. I. New York: Arno Press
Stigler, Stephen M. (1989). «Mathematical Statistics in the Early States». In: Peter Duren. A Century of Mathematics in America. III. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. pp. 537–564

Ligações externas

O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., «Benjamin Peirce», MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (em inglês), Universidade de St. Andrews
Benjamin Peirce (em inglês) no Mathematics Genealogy Project
Benjamin Peirce (em inglês) no Find a Grave ^{[fonte confiável?]}
Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Walsh, Alison (2005), "Benjamin Peirce", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Eprint.
O'Connor, John J., and Robertson, Edmund F. (2005), "Benjamin Peirce", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, Eprint.
Hogan, Edward R. (2008), Of the Human Heart: A Biography of Benjamin Peirce, Lehigh University Press, catalog page discussion of Peirce.

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[1] Rossiter Johnson; John Howard Brown (1904). The twentieth century biographical dictionary of notable Americans ... [S.l.]: The Biographical Society. pp. 269–. Consultado em 28 de agosto de 2011

[2] Stigler, Stephen M. (1978). «Mathematical Statistics in the Early States». Annals of Statistics. 6 (2): 239–265. JSTOR 2958876. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344123

[1]

[2]

v d e Presidentes da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência
1848-1900	1848 William Charles Redfield 1849 Joseph Henry 1850 Alexander Dallas Bache 1851 Louis Agassiz 1852 Benjamin Peirce 1854 James Dwight Dana 1855 John Torrey 1856 James Hall 1857 Alexis Caswell 1857 Jacob Whitman Bailey 1858 Jeffries Wyman 1859 Stephen Alexander 1860 Isaac Lea 1866 Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard 1867 John Strong Newberry 1868 Benjamin Apthorp Gould 1869 John Wells Foster 1870 Thomas Sterry Hunt 1870 William Chauvenet 1871 Asa Gray 1872 John Lawrence Smith 1873 Joseph Lovering 1874 John Lawrence LeConte 1875 Julius Erasmus Hilgard 1876 William Barton Rogers 1877 Simon Newcomb 1878 Othniel Charles Marsh 1879 George Frederick Barker 1880 Lewis Henry Morgan 1881 George Jarvis Brush 1882 John William Dawson 1883 Charles Augustus Young 1884 John Peter Lesley 1885 Hubert Anson Newton 1886 Edward S. Morse 1887 Samuel Pierpont Langley 1888 John Wesley Powell 1889 Thomas Corwin Mendenhall 1890 George Lincoln Goodale 1891 Albert Benjamin Prescott 1892 Joseph LeConte 1893 William Harkness 1894 Daniel Garrison Brinton 1895 Edward Morley 1896 Theodore Nicholas Gill 1896 Edward Drinker Cope 1897 Wolcott Gibbs 1897 William John McGee 1898 Frederic Ward Putnam 1899 Grove Karl Gilbert 1899 Marcus Benjamin 1899 Edward Orton, Sr. 1900 Robert Simpson Woodward
1901-1925	1901 Charles Sedgwick Minot 1902 Ira Remsen 1902 Asaph Hall 1903 Carroll Davidson Wright 1904 William Gilson Farlow 1905 Calvin Milton Woodward 1906 William Henry Welch 1907 Edward Leamington Nichols 1908 Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin 1909 David Starr Jordan 1910 Albert Abraham Michelson 1911 Charles Bessey 1912 Edward Charles Pickering 1913 Edmund Beecher Wilson 1914 Charles W. Eliot 1915 William Wallace Campbell 1916 Charles Richard Van Hise 1917 Theodore William Richards 1918 John Merle Coulter 1919 Simon Flexner 1920 Leland Ossian Howard 1921 Eliakim Hastings Moore 1922 James Playfair McMurrich 1923 Charles Doolittle Walcott 1924 James McKeen Cattell 1925 Michael Pupin
1926-1950	1926 Liberty Hyde Bailey 1927 Arthur Amos Noyes 1928 Henry Fairfield Osborn 1929 Robert Andrews Millikan 1930 Thomas Hunt Morgan 1931 Franz Boas 1932 John Jacob Abel 1933 Henry Norris Russell 1934 Edward L. Thorndike 1935 Karl Taylor Compton 1936 Edwin Conklin 1937 George David Birkhoff 1938 Wesley Clair Mitchell 1939 Walter Bradford Cannon 1940 Albert Francis Blakeslee 1941 Irving Langmuir 1942 Arthur Holly Compton 1943 Isaiah Bowman 1944 Anton Julius Carlson 1945 James Bryant Conant 1946 Charles Kettering 1947 Harlow Shapley 1948 Edmund Ware Sinnott 1949 Elvin Charles Stakman 1950 Roger Adams
1951-1975	1951 Kirtley Fletcher Mather 1952 Detlev Bronk 1953 Edward Condon 1954 Warren Weaver 1955 George Beadle 1956 Paul Sears 1957 Lawrence Hasbrouck Snyder 1958 Wallace Reed Brode 1959 Paul Ernest Klopsteg 1960 Chauncey Depew Leake 1961 Thomas Park 1962 Paul Magnus Gross 1963 Alan Tower Waterman 1964 Laurence M. Gould 1965 Henry Eyring 1966 Alfred Sherwood Romer 1967 Don Krasher Price 1968 Walter Orr Roberts 1969 Bentley Glass 1970 Athelstan Spilhaus 1971 Mina Rees 1972 Glenn Theodore Seaborg 1973 Leonard M. Rieser 1974 Roger Revelle 1975 Margaret Mead
1976-2000	1976 William D. McElroy 1977-1978 Emilio Q. Daddario 1979 Edward E. David Jr. 1980 Kenneth Ewart Boulding 1981 Frederick Mosteller 1982 David Allan Bromley 1983 Margaret Burbidge 1984 Anna J. Harrison 1985 David A. Hamburg 1986 Gerard Piel 1987 Lawrence Bogorad 1988 Sheila E. Widnall 1989 Walter E. Massey 1990 Richard C. Atkinson 1991 Donald N. Langenberg 1992 Leon Max Lederman 1993 Frank Sherwood Rowland 1994 Eloise E. Clark 1995 Francisco José Ayala 1996 Rita Colwell 1997 Jane Lubchenco 1998 Mildred Dresselhaus 1999 Mary Rita Cooke Greenwood 2000 Stephen Jay Gould
2001-presente	2001 Mary Lowe Good 2002 Peter Hamilton Raven 2003 Floyd E. Bloom 2004 Mary Ellen Avery 2005 Shirley Ann Jackson 2006 Gil Omenn 2007 John Holdren 2008 David Baltimore 2009 James J. McCarthy 2010 Peter Agre 2011 Alice S. Huang 2012 Nina Fedoroff 2013 William H. Press 2014 Phillip Allen Sharp 2015 Gerald Fink 2016 Geraldine L. Richmond 2017 Barbara A. Schaal 2018 Susan Hockfield 2019 Margaret Hamburg 2020 Steven Chu 2021 Claire M. Fraser 2022 Gilda Barabino 2023 Keith Yamamoto 2024 Willie E. May 2025 Theresa A. Maldonado