Horário Padrão da Índia: diferenças entre revisões
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m moveu Indian Standard Time para Horário Padrão da Índia sob redirecionamento: traduzindo título para ficar igual aos outros |
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O ''Indian Standard Time'' é calculado no observatório de [[Allahabad]], que está situado a 82.5°E do [[Meridiano de Greenwich]], sendo adotada uma diferença de 5 horas e 30 minutos com relação ao [[Tempo Universal Coordenado|horário oficial de Greenwich]] (''[[Greenwich Mean Time]]'', GMT). |
O ''Indian Standard Time'' é calculado no observatório de [[Allahabad]], que está situado a 82.5°E do [[Meridiano de Greenwich]], sendo adotada uma diferença de 5 horas e 30 minutos com relação ao [[Tempo Universal Coordenado|horário oficial de Greenwich]] (''[[Greenwich Mean Time]]'', GMT). |
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[[Image:IST-CIA-TZ.png|thumb|IST em relação com as nações que fazem fronteira]] |
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O '''Horário Padrão da Índia''' ('''IST''') é o [[fuso horário|horário]] observado em toda [[Índia]] e [[Sri Lanka]], com um [[time offset]] de [[UTC+05:30]]. A Índia não observa [[horário de verão]] (DST) ou outros ajustes sazonais, apesar de a DST ter sido usada brevemente durante a [[Guerra sino-indiana|Guerra sino-indiana de 1962]] e a [[Guerra indo-paquistanesa de 1965]] e [[Guerra indo-paquistanesa de 1971|1971]].<ref name="timez">{{cite web | url =http://wwp.india-time.com/indian-time-zones.htm | title =India Time Zones | accessdate =2006-11-25|work=[http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)]}}</ref> O tempo militar e aeronáutica, IST é designado '''E*''' ("Echo-Star").<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/info/timezone.htm |
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| title = Military and Civilian Time Designations | accessdate =2006-12-02| work=[http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)]}}</ref> |
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Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82.5° E [[longitude]], from a clock tower in [[Mirzapur]] ({{Coord|25.15|N|82.58|E|}}) (near [[Allahabad]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]) which is nearly on the corresponding longitude reference line.<ref name="two-timing">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.in/StoryPage/Print.aspx?Id=7ae0f1f1-23fd-4e46-98f2-3e0933e87f9f |title=Two-timing India|date=2007-09-04|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref> |
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In the [[tz database]] it is represented by [[Asia/Kolkata]]. |
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==History== |
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{{Main|Time in India}} |
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After [[Indian independence movement|independence in 1947]], the [[Government of India|Indian government]] established IST as the official time for the whole country, although Kolkata and Mumbai retained their own local time for a few more years.<ref name="Princely states">{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-misc.html |title=Odds and Ends |accessdate=2006-11-25 |work=[http://www.irfca.org Indian Railways Fan Club]}}</ref> The Central observatory was moved from Chennai to a location near [[Mirzapur]], so that it would be as close to UTC +5:30 as possible. |
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During the Sino–Indian War of 1962 and the Indo–Pakistani Wars of 1965 and 1971, daylight saving was briefly used to reduce civilian energy consumption. |
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==Criticism and proposals== |
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The country's east–west distance of more than 2,000 km (1,200 [[Mile#Statute mile|mi]]) covers over 28 degrees of longitude, resulting in the sun rising and setting almost two hours earlier on India's eastern border than in the [[Rann of Kutch]] in the far west. Inhabitants of the [[North-East India|north–eastern states]] have to advance their clocks with the early sunrise and avoid the extra consumption of energy after daylight hours.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1501252.stm |title=India investigates different time zones|accessdate=2006-11-25 |last=Sen |first=Ayanjit |date=2001-08-21 |work=[http://news.bbc.co.uk BBC News]}}</ref> |
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In the late 1980s, a team of researchers proposed separating the country into two or three time zones to conserve energy. The binary system that they suggested involved a return to British–era time zones; the recommendations were not adopted.<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="thehindu2002">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/mp/2002/01/07/stories/2002010700130300.htm |title=A matter of time |accessdate=2006-11-25 |last=S. Muthiah |date=2002-01-07 |work=[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com The Hindu Business Line] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] Group}}</ref> |
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In 2001, the government established a four–member committee under the [[Department of Science & Technology (India)|Ministry of Science and Technology]] to examine the need for multiple time zones and daylight saving.<ref name="bbc"/> The findings of the committee, which were presented to [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] in 2004 by the Minister for Science and Technology, [[Kapil Sibal]], did not recommend changes to the unified system, stating that "the prime meridian was chosen with reference to a central station, and that the expanse of the Indian State was not large."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dst.gov.in/admin_finance/un-sq1007.htm |title=Standard Time for Different Regions |accessdate=2006-11-25 |date=2004-07-22 |work=Department of Science and Technology}}</ref> |
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Though the government has consistently refused to split the country into multiple time zones, provisions in labour laws such as the ''Plantations Labour Act, 1951'' do allow the Central and State governments to define and set the local time for a particular industrial area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrcw.nic.in/shared/sublinkimages/19.htm |title=A matter of time |accessdate=2006-11-25 |work=National Resource Centre for Women}}</ref> In Assam, tea gardens follow a separate time zone known as the Tea Garden Time or Bagantime that is one hour ahead of IST.<ref name="HindustanTimes2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=971215e0-8512-4ce2-805d-02592f3aab16 |title= Change clock to bagantime |accessdate=2008-09-22 |last=Rahul Karmakar |date=2008-04-13 |work=[http://www.hindustantimes.com Hindustan Times] |publisher=[[HT Media]] Group}}</ref> |
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==Time signals== |
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Official time signals are generated by the [[Time and Frequency Standards Laboratory]] at the National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi, for both commercial and official use. The signals are based on [[atomic clock]]s and are synchronised with the worldwide system of clocks that support the [[Coordinated Universal Time]]. |
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Features of the Time and Frequency Standards Laboratory include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/asia/india/time/indian-time-today.htm |title=Indian Time Today (IST) |accessdate=2006-11-25 |work=[http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/ Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)]}}</ref> |
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*Four [[caesium]] and [[rubidium]] atomic clocks; |
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*[[High frequency]] broadcast service operating at 10 MHz under call sign ''ATA'' to synchronise the user clock within a millisecond; |
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*[[Indian National Satellite System]] satellite–based standard time and frequency broadcast service, which offers IST correct to ±10 microsecond and frequency calibration of up to ±10<sup>−10</sup>; and |
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*Time and frequency calibrations made with the help of [[picosecond|pico–]] and [[nanosecond]]s time interval [[frequency counter]]s and [[phase (waves)|phase]] recorders. |
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IST is taken as the standard time as it passes through almost the centre of India. To communicate the exact time to the people, the exact time is broadcast over the state–owned [[All India Radio]] and [[Doordarshan]] television network. Telephone companies have dedicated phone numbers connected to [[mirror (computing)|mirror]] [[timeserver]]s that also relay the precise time. Another increasingly popular means of obtaining the time is through [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) receivers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=19703 |title=Satellites for Navigation |accessdate=2006-11-25 |work=[http://pib.nic.in Press Information Bureau, Government of India]}}</ref> |
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=={{Ver também}}== |
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*[[Equação do tempo]] |
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*[[Tempo Atômico Internacional]] |
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*[[Tempo terrestre]] |
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*[[Fuso horário]] ([[Lista de fusos horários|lista]]) |
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*[[Zoneinfo]] |
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{{Referências}} |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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=={{Ligações externas}}== |
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*[http://www.nplindia.ernet.in/time.php National Physical Laboratory] |
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*[http://www.mayin.org/ajayshah/A/ShahAggarwal2007_ist.pdf ''Evaluating two timezones and Daylight Saving Time for India''], by Viral Shah & Vikram Aggarwal. |
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[[Categoria:Horário da Índia]] |
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[[bn:ভারতীয় প্রমাণ সময়]] |
[[bn:ভারতীয় প্রমাণ সময়]] |
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[[en:Indian Standard Time]] |
[[en:Indian Standard Time]] |
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Revisão das 22h18min de 26 de novembro de 2011
Indian Standard Time (IST) é o nome dado a hora oficial da Índia.
O Indian Standard Time é calculado no observatório de Allahabad, que está situado a 82.5°E do Meridiano de Greenwich, sendo adotada uma diferença de 5 horas e 30 minutos com relação ao horário oficial de Greenwich (Greenwich Mean Time, GMT).
O Horário Padrão da Índia (IST) é o horário observado em toda Índia e Sri Lanka, com um time offset de UTC+05:30. A Índia não observa horário de verão (DST) ou outros ajustes sazonais, apesar de a DST ter sido usada brevemente durante a Guerra sino-indiana de 1962 e a Guerra indo-paquistanesa de 1965 e 1971.[1] O tempo militar e aeronáutica, IST é designado E* ("Echo-Star").[2]
Ver também
Referências
- ↑ «India Time Zones». Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Consultado em 25 de novembro de 2006
- ↑ «Military and Civilian Time Designations». Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Consultado em 2 de dezembro de 2006
Ligações externas
- National Physical Laboratory
- Evaluating two timezones and Daylight Saving Time for India, by Viral Shah & Vikram Aggarwal.