Simon Newcomb

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Simon Newcomb
Astronomia, matemática


Nacionalidade	Canadense / Americano

Nascimento	12 de março de 1835
Local	Nova Escócia, Canadá

Morte	11 de julho de 1909 (74 anos)
Local	Washington, D.C., EUA

Atividade
Campo(s)	Astronomia, matemática
Alma mater	Universidade Harvard

Prêmio(s)	Medalha de Ouro da RAS (1874), Medalha Copley (1890), Medalha Bruce (1898)

Simon Newcomb (Nova Escócia, 12 de Março de 1835 — Washington, 11 de Julho de 1909^[1]) foi um astrônomo e matemático americano-canadiano.

Escreveu sobre economia e estatistica, além de ser o autor de um livro de ficção-científica.

Referências

↑ Universidade de St. Andrews

Ligações externas[editar | editar código-fonte]

Biografia em MacTutor (em inglês)
Simon Newcomb (em inglês) no Mathematics Genealogy Project

Precedido por Giovanni Schiaparelli	Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society 1874	Sucedido por Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
Precedido por George Salmon	Medalha Copley 1890	Sucedido por Stanislao Cannizzaro

Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society (1824 – 2016)

Século XIX

Década de 1820	1824: Charles Babbage, Johann Franz Encke • 1826: John Herschel, James South, Wilhelm Struve • 1827: Francis Baily • 1828: Thomas Brisbane, James Dunlop, Caroline Herschel • 1829: William Pearson, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, Heinrich Christian Schumacher

Década de 1830	1830: William Richardson, Johann Franz Encke • 1831: Henry Kater, Marie-Charles Damoiseau • 1833: George Biddell Airy • 1835: Manuel John Johnson • 1836: John Herschel • 1837: Otto August Rosenberger • 1839: John Wrottesley

Década de 1840	1840: Giovanni Plana • 1841: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel • 1842: Peter Andreas Hansen • 1843: Francis Baily • 1845: William Henry Smyth • 1846: George Biddell Airy • 1849: William Lassell

Década de 1850	1850: Otto Wilhelm von Struve • 1851: Annibale de Gasparis • 1852: Christian August Friedrich Peters • 1853: John Russell Hind • 1854: Karl Rümker • 1855: William Rutter Dawes • 1856: Robert Grant • 1857: Samuel Heinrich Schwabe • 1858: Robert Main • 1859: Richard Christopher Carrington

Década de 1860	1860: Peter Andreas Hansen • 1861: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt • 1862: Warren De La Rue • 1863: Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander • 1865: George Phillips Bond • 1866: John Couch Adams • 1867: William Huggins, William Allen Miller • 1868: Urbain Le Verrier • 1869: Edward James Stone

Década de 1870	1870: Charles-Eugène Delaunay • 1872: Giovanni Schiaparelli • 1874: Simon Newcomb • 1875: Heinrich Louis d'Arrest • 1876: Urbain Le Verrier • 1878: Ercole Dembowski • 1879: Asaph Hall

Década de 1880	1881: Axel Möller • 1882: David Gill • 1883: Benjamin Apthorp Gould • 1884: Andrew Ainslie Common • 1885: William Huggins • 1886: Edward Charles Pickering, Charles Pritchard • 1887: George William Hill • 1888: Arthur Auwers • 1889: Maurice Loewy

Década de 1890	1892: George Darwin • 1893: Hermann Carl Vogel • 1894: Sherburne Wesley Burnham • 1895: Isaac Roberts • 1896: Seth Carlo Chandler • 1897: Edward Barnard • 1898: William Frederick Denning • 1899: Frank McClean

Medalha de Prata	1824: Karl Rümker, Jean-Louis Pons • 1827 William Samuel Stratford, Mark Beaufoy

Medalha de Reconhecimento	1848: George Biddell Airy • John Couch Adams • Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander • George Bishop • George Everest • John Herschel • Peter Andreas Hansen • Karl Ludwig Hencke • John Russell Hind • Urbain Le Verrier • John William Lubbock • Maximilian von Weiße

Século XX

Década de 1900	1900: Henri Poincaré • 1901: Edward Charles Pickering • 1902: Jacobus Kapteyn • 1903: Hermann Struve • 1904: George Ellery Hale • 1905: Lewis Boss • 1906: William Wallace Campbell • 1907: Ernest William Brown • 1908: David Gill • 1909: Oskar Backlund

Década de 1910	1910: Karl Friedrich Küstner • 1911: Philip Herbert Cowell • 1912: Arthur Robert Hinks • 1913: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres • 1914: Max Wolf • 1915: Alfred Fowler • 1916: John Dreyer • 1917: Walter Sydney Adams • 1918: John Evershed • 1919: Guillaume Bigourdan

Década de 1920	1921: Henry Norris Russell • 1922: James Hopwood Jeans • 1923: Albert Abraham Michelson • 1924: Arthur Stanley Eddington • 1925: Frank Dyson • 1926: Albert Einstein • 1927: Frank Schlesinger • 1928: Ralph Allen Sampson • 1929: Ejnar Hertzsprung

Década de 1930	1930: John Stanley Plaskett • 1931: Willem de Sitter • 1932: Robert Grant Aitken • 1933: Vesto Melvin Slipher • 1934: Harlow Shapley • 1935: Edward Arthur Milne • 1936: Hisashi Kimura • 1937: Harold Jeffreys • 1938: William Hammond Wright • 1939: Bernard Lyot

Década de 1940	1940: Edwin Powell Hubble • 1943: Harold Spencer Jones • 1944: Otto Struve • 1945: Bengt Edlén • 1946: Jan Hendrik Oort • 1947: Marcel Minnaert • 1948: Bertil Lindblad • 1949: Sydney Chapman

Década de 1950	1950: Joel Stebbins • 1951: Anton Pannekoek • 1952: John Jackson • 1953: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar • 1954: Walter Baade • 1955: Dirk Brouwer • 1956: Thomas George Cowling • 1957: Albrecht Unsöld • 1958: André-Louis Danjon • 1959: Raymond Lyttleton

Década de 1960	1960: Viktor Ambartsumian • 1961: Herman Zanstra • 1962: Bengt Strömgren • 1963: Harry Hemley Plaskett • 1964: Martin Ryle, William Maurice Ewing • 1965: Edward Bullard, Gerald Maurice Clemence • 1966: Ira Sprague Bowen, Harold Clayton Urey • 1967: Hannes Alfvén, Allan Rex Sandage • 1968: Fred Hoyle, Walter Munk • 1969: Albert Thomas Price, Martin Schwarzschild

Década de 1970	1970: Horace Welcome Babcock • 1971: Frank Press, Richard van der Riet Woolley • 1972: Hal Thirlaway, Fritz Zwicky • 1973: Francis Birch, Edwin Ernest Salpeter • 1974: Ludwig Biermann, Keith Edward Bullen • 1975: Jesse Leonard Greenstein, Ernst Öpik • 1976: William McCrea, John Ashworth Ratcliffe • 1977: David Bates, John Gatenby Bolton • 1978: Lyman Spitzer, James van Allen • 1979: Leon Knopoff, Charles Gorrie Wynne

Década de 1980	1980: Chaim Leib Pekeris, Maarten Schmidt • 1981: James Freeman Gilbert, Bernard Lovell • 1982: Riccardo Giacconi, Harrie Massey • 1983: Michael Seaton, Fred Whipple • 1984: Keith Runcorn, Jakov Seldovich • 1985: Thomas Gold, Stephen Hawking • 1986: George Edward Backus, Alexander Dalgarno • 1987: Takeshi Nagata, Martin Rees • 1988: Don Lorraine Anderson, Cornelis de Jager • 1989: Raymond Hide, Ken Pounds

Década de 1990	1990: James Dungey, Bernard Pagel • 1991: Vitaly Ginzburg, Gerald Joseph Wasserburg • 1992: Dan Peter McKenzie, Eugene Parker • 1993: Peter Goldreich, Donald Lynden-Bell • 1994: James Gunn, Thomas Reeve Kaiser • 1995: John Houghton, Rashid Sunyaev • 1996: Kenneth Creer, Vera Rubin • 1997: Donald Farley, Donald Edward Osterbrock • 1998: Robert Ladislav Parker, James Peebles • 1999: Kenneth Budden, Bohdan Paczyński

Século XXI

Década de 2000	2000: Leon Lucy, Robert Hutchison • 2001: Hermann Bondi, Henry Rishbeth • 2002: Leon Mestel, John Arthur Jacobs • 2003: John Norris Bahcall, David Gubbins • 2004: Jeremiah Paul Ostriker, Grenville Turner • 2005: Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, Carole Jordan • 2006: Simon White, Stanley William Herbert Cowley • 2007: Leonard Culhane, Nigel Weiss • 2008: Joseph Silk, Brian Kennett • 2009: David Williams, Eric Priest

Década de 2010	2010: Douglas Gough, John Woodhouse • 2011: Richard Salisbury Ellis, Eberhard Grün • 2012: Andrew Fabian, John Campbell Brown • 2013: Roger Blandford, Chris Chapman • 2014: Carlos Frenk, John Zarnecki • 2015: Michel Mayor • 2016: John David Barrow, Philip England

v • e Presidentes da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência
1848-1900	1848 William Charles Redfield · 1849 Joseph Henry · 1850 Alexander Dallas Bache · 1851 Louis Agassiz · 1852 Benjamin Peirce · 1854 James Dwight Dana · 1855 John Torrey · 1856 James Hall · 1857 Alexis Caswell · 1857 Jacob Whitman Bailey · 1858 Jeffries Wyman · 1859 Stephen Alexander · 1860 Isaac Lea · 1866 Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard · 1867 John Strong Newberry · 1868 Benjamin Apthorp Gould · 1869 John Wells Foster · 1870 Thomas Sterry Hunt · 1870 William Chauvenet · 1871 Asa Gray · 1872 John Lawrence Smith · 1873 Joseph Lovering · 1874 John Lawrence LeConte · 1875 Julius Erasmus Hilgard · 1876 William Barton Rogers · 1877 Simon Newcomb · 1878 Othniel Charles Marsh · 1879 George Frederick Barker · 1880 Lewis Henry Morgan · 1881 George Jarvis Brush · 1882 John William Dawson · 1883 Charles Augustus Young · 1884 John Peter Lesley · 1885 Hubert Anson Newton · 1886 Edward S. Morse · 1887 Samuel Pierpont Langley · 1888 John Wesley Powell · 1889 Thomas Corwin Mendenhall · 1890 George Lincoln Goodale · 1891 Albert Benjamin Prescott · 1892 Joseph LeConte · 1893 William Harkness · 1894 Daniel Garrison Brinton · 1895 Edward Morley · 1896 Theodore Nicholas Gill · 1896 Edward Drinker Cope · 1897 Wolcott Gibbs · 1897 William John McGee · 1898 Frederic Ward Putnam · 1899 Grove Karl Gilbert · 1899 Marcus Benjamin · 1899 Edward Orton, Sr. · 1900 Robert Simpson Woodward
1901-1925	1901 Charles Sedgwick Minot · 1902 Ira Remsen · 1902 Asaph Hall · 1903 Carroll Davidson Wright · 1904 William Gilson Farlow · 1905 Calvin Milton Woodward · 1906 William Henry Welch · 1907 Edward Leamington Nichols · 1908 Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin · 1909 David Starr Jordan · 1910 Albert Abraham Michelson · 1911 Charles Bessey · 1912 Edward Charles Pickering · 1913 Edmund Beecher Wilson · 1914 Charles W. Eliot · 1915 William Wallace Campbell · 1916 Charles Richard Van Hise · 1917 Theodore William Richards · 1918 John Merle Coulter · 1919 Simon Flexner · 1920 Leland Ossian Howard · 1921 Eliakim Hastings Moore · 1922 James Playfair McMurrich · 1923 Charles Doolittle Walcott · 1924 James McKeen Cattell · 1925 Michael Pupin
1926-1950	1926 Liberty Hyde Bailey · 1927 Arthur Amos Noyes · 1928 Henry Fairfield Osborn · 1929 Robert Andrews Millikan · 1930 Thomas Hunt Morgan · 1931 Franz Boas · 1932 John Jacob Abel · 1933 Henry Norris Russell · 1934 Edward L. Thorndike · 1935 Karl Taylor Compton · 1936 Edwin Conklin · 1937 George David Birkhoff · 1938 Wesley Clair Mitchell · 1939 Walter Bradford Cannon · 1940 Albert Francis Blakeslee · 1941 Irving Langmuir · 1942 Arthur Holly Compton · 1943 Isaiah Bowman · 1944 Anton Julius Carlson · 1945 James Bryant Conant · 1946 Charles Kettering · 1947 Harlow Shapley · 1948 Edmund Ware Sinnott · 1949 Elvin Charles Stakman · 1950 Roger Adams
1951-1975	1951 Kirtley Fletcher Mather · 1952 Detlev Bronk · 1953 Edward Condon · 1954 Warren Weaver · 1955 George Beadle · 1956 Paul Sears · 1957 Lawrence Hasbrouck Snyder · 1958 Wallace Reed Brode · 1959 Paul Ernest Klopsteg · 1960 Chauncey Depew Leake · 1961 Thomas Park · 1962 Paul Magnus Gross · 1963 Alan Tower Waterman · 1964 Laurence M. Gould · 1965 Henry Eyring · 1966 Alfred Sherwood Romer · 1967 Don Krasher Price · 1968 Walter Orr Roberts · 1969 Bentley Glass · 1970 Athelstan Spilhaus · 1971 Mina Rees · 1972 Glenn Theodore Seaborg · 1973 Leonard M. Rieser · 1974 Roger Revelle · 1975 Margaret Mead
1976-2000	1976 William D. McElroy · 1977-1978 Emilio Q. Daddario · 1979 Edward E. David Jr. · 1980 Kenneth Ewart Boulding · 1981 Frederick Mosteller · 1982 David Allan Bromley · 1983 Margaret Burbidge · 1984 Anna J. Harrison · 1985 David A. Hamburg · 1986 Gerard Piel · 1987 Lawrence Bogorad · 1988 Sheila E. Widnall · 1989 Walter E. Massey · 1990 Richard C. Atkinson · 1991 Donald N. Langenberg · 1992 Leon Max Lederman · 1993 Frank Sherwood Rowland · 1994 Eloise E. Clark · 1995 Francisco José Ayala · 1996 Rita Colwell · 1997 Jane Lubchenco · 1998 Mildred Dresselhaus · 1999 Mary Rita Cooke Greenwood · 2000 Stephen Jay Gould
2001-presente	2001 Mary Lowe Good · 2002 Peter Hamilton Raven · 2003 Floyd E. Bloom · 2004 Mary Ellen Avery · 2005 Shirley Ann Jackson · 2006 Gil Omenn · 2007 John Holdren · 2008 David Baltimore · 2009 James J. McCarthy · 2010 Peter Agre · 2011 Alice S. Huang · 2012 Nina Fedoroff · 2013 William H. Press · 2014 Phillip Allen Sharp

Medalha Copley. Laureados (1851 — 1900)

1851: Richard Owen • 1852: Alexander von Humboldt • 1853: Heinrich Wilhelm Dove • 1854: Johannes Peter Müller • 1855: Jean Bernard Léon Foucault • 1856: Henri Milne-Edwards • 1857: Michel Eugène Chevreul • 1858: Charles Lyell • 1859: Wilhelm Eduard Weber • 1860: Robert Bunsen • 1861: Louis Agassiz • 1862: Thomas Graham • 1863: Adam Sedgwick • 1864: Charles Darwin • 1865: Michel Chasles • 1866: Julius Plücker • 1867: Karl Ernst von Baer • 1868: Charles Wheatstone • 1869: Henri Victor Regnault • 1870: James Prescott Joule • 1871: Julius von Mayer • 1872: Friedrich Wöhler • 1873: Hermann von Helmholtz • 1874: Louis Pasteur • 1875: August Wilhelm von Hofmann • 1876: Claude Bernard • 1877: James Dwight Dana • 1878: Jean-Baptiste Boussingault • 1879: Rudolf Clausius • 1880: James Joseph Sylvester • 1881: Charles Adolphe Würtz • 1882: Arthur Cayley • 1883: William Thomson • 1884: Carl Ludwig • 1885: Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz • 1886: Franz Ernst Neumann • 1887: Joseph Dalton Hooker • 1888: Thomas Henry Huxley • 1889: George Salmon • 1890: Simon Newcomb • 1891: Stanislao Cannizzaro • 1892: Rudolf Virchow • 1893: George Gabriel Stokes • 1894: Edward Frankland • 1895: Karl Weierstrass • 1896: Carl Gegenbaur • 1897: Albert von Kölliker • 1898: William Huggins • 1899: John William Strutt • 1900: Marcellin Berthelot

Lista Completa • (1731—1750) • (1751—1800) • (1801—1850) • (1901—1950) • (1951—2000) • (2001—2016)

1898: Simon Newcomb · 1899: Arthur Auwers · 1900: David Gill · 1902: Giovanni Schiaparelli · 1904: William Huggins · 1906: Hermann Carl Vogel · 1908: Edward Charles Pickering · 1909: George William Hill · 1911: Henri Poincaré · 1913: Jacobus Kapteyn · 1914: Oskar Backlund · 1915: William Wallace Campbell · 1916: George Ellery Hale · 1917: Edward Barnard · 1920: Ernest William Brown · 1921: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres · 1922: Frank Dyson · 1923: Benjamin Baillaud · 1924: Arthur Stanley Eddington · 1925: Henry Norris Russell · 1926: Robert Grant Aitken · 1927: Herbert Hall Turner · 1928: Walter Sydney Adams · 1929: Frank Schlesinger · 1930: Max Wolf · 1931: Willem de Sitter · 1932: John Stanley Plaskett · 1933: Carl Charlier · 1934: Alfred Fowler · 1935: Vesto Melvin Slipher · 1936: Armin Otto Leuschner · 1937: Ejnar Hertzsprung · 1938: Edwin Powell Hubble · 1939: Harlow Shapley · 1940: Frederick Hanley Seares · 1941: Joel Stebbins · 1942: Jan Hendrik Oort · 1945: Edward Arthur Milne · 1946: Paul Merrill · 1947: Bernard Lyot · 1948: Otto Struve · 1949: Harold Spencer Jones · 1950: Alfred Harrison Joy · 1951: Marcel Minnaert · 1952: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar · 1953: Harold Delos Babcock · 1954: Bertil Lindblad · 1955: Walter Baade · 1956: Albrecht Unsöld · 1957: Ira Sprague Bowen · 1958: William Wilson Morgan 1959: Bengt Strömgren · 1960: Viktor Ambartsumian · 1961: Rudolf Minkowski · 1962: Grote Reber · 1963: Seth Barnes Nicholson · 1964: Otto Heckmann · 1965: Martin Schwarzschild · 1966: Dirk Brouwer · 1967: Ludwig Biermann · 1968: Willem Jacob Luyten · 1969: Horace Welcome Babcock · 1970: Fred Hoyle · 1971: Jesse Leonard Greenstein · 1972: Iosif Shklovsky · 1973: Lyman Spitzer · 1974: Martin Ryle · 1975: Allan Rex Sandage · 1976: Ernst Öpik · 1977: Bart Bok · 1978: Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst · 1979: William Alfred Fowler · 1980: George Herbig · 1981: Riccardo Giacconi · 1982: Margaret Burbidge · 1983: Jakov Seldovich · 1984: Olin Chaddock Wilson · 1985: Thomas George Cowling · 1986: Fred Whipple · 1987: Edwin Ernest Salpeter · 1988: John Gatenby Bolton · 1989: Adriaan Blaauw · 1990: Charlotte Moore Sitterly · 1991: Donald Edward Osterbrock · 1992: Maarten Schmidt · 1993: Martin Rees · 1994: Wallace Sargent · 1995: James Peebles · 1996: Albert Whitford · 1997: Eugene Parker · 1998: Donald Lynden-Bell · 1999: Geoffrey Burbidge · 2000: Rashid Sunyaev · 2001: Hans Bethe · 2002: Bohdan Paczyński · 2003: Vera Rubin · 2004: Chushiro Hayashi · 2005: Robert Kraft · 2006: Frank James Low · 2007: Martin Harwit · 2008: Sidney van den Bergh · 2009: Frank Shu · 2010: Gerald Neugebauer · 2011: Jeremiah Paul Ostriker · 2012: Sandra Faber · 2013: James Gunn · 2014: Kenneth Kellermann · 2015: Douglas Lin

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