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Usuário:Cathodography/Testes/1

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Fourteen football players, eight standing and six squatting. The fifth standing and the fourth squatting players from the left have been marked with a red cross.
Seleção Santa Cruz de 1943. Jogadores marcados com uma cruz vermelha morreram durante a excursão

A Excursão Suicída, também conhecido como a Excursão da Morte, ocorreu quando o clube de futebol profissional brasileiro Santa Cruz Futebol Clube fez uma excursão pela região norte do Brasil de 2 de janeiro de 1943 a 29 de abril de 1943. Ao longo de quase quatro meses, eles jogaram uma série de 26[1] ou 28[2] partidas amistosas em seis cidades diferentes para arrecadar fundos. A excursão ganhou esse nome devido aos infortúnios sofridos pelo clube, incluindo dificuldades financeiras, a ameaça de ataques alemães submarinas e mortes.

Buscando se recuperar de uma crise financeira, o Santa Cruz, de Recife, organizou cinco jogos em Belém. Depois disso, a equipe foi convidada a estender sua excursão para o Amazonas. Viajando pelo rio Amazonas por duas semanas, o Santa Cruz começou a ter problemas em Manaus, onde sete membros da delegação da equipe contraíram disenteria. Embora a maioria deles tenha se recuperado, dois jogadores contraíram febre tifoide e morreram. Dois outros jogadores deixaram o clube para jogar em times de Manaus. Sem poder voltar para casa pelo mar, devido à Segunda Guerra Mundial, e precisando cobrir os custos crescentes, o Santa Cruz teve de retornar a Recife por terra, jogando partidas pelo caminho para ganhar mais dinheiro. A viagem de volta a Recife teve outros problemas, incluindo um falso mandado de prisão para um jogador, uma viagem ao lado de ladrões e dois descarrilamentos de trem.

Antecedentes

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Lista de jogadores do Santa Cruz de 1943[3]
Goleiros Zagueiros Meio-campistas Atacantes
  • King
  • Eutímio
  • Cidinho II
  • Pedrinho
  • Zé Maria
  • Omar
  • Pelado
  • Capuco
  • Amaro
  • Guaberinha
  • Edésio
  • Limoeirinho
  • Cidinho I[a]
  • Pinhegas
  • Papeira
  • França

Um dos clubes mais populares do estado de Pernambuco, o Santa Cruz Futebol Clube estava atolado em uma profunda crise financeira em 1942.[4][5] O clube estava com um desempenho ruim, devia salários a vários de seus funcionários e tinha de subsistir com a receita de seus campos de futebol suburbanos e com os pagamentos mensais de seus associados.[b][4]

Os diretores do clube decidiram fazer uma pequena excursão pela região norte e jogar partidas amistosas contra clubes locais.[5][6] Fizeram um acordo com o Transviário Esporte Clube, de Belém, para que cinco jogos fossem disputados em Belém, cada um custando ao Santa Cruz cinco milhões de réis.[4]

O Santa Cruz contratou quatro novos jogadores para a turnê. A delegação do time era composta por dezesseis jogadores, um presidente – que também atuava como tesoureiro e técnico do time – e um árbitro da Federação Pernambucana de Futebol.[3] A turnê começou no meio da Segunda Guerra Mundial,[4] enquanto os submarinos alemães patrulhavam a costa brasileira.[1]

Natal and Belém

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Um mapa do Brasil com as localizações das cidades visitadas marcadas. A cidade natal de Santa Cruz, Recife, está marcada com um ponto azul.

Santa Cruz's delegation left Recife, Pernambuco, on 2 January 1943, aboard the steam-powered boat Pará. Due to fears of possible Nazi submarine attacks, the boat had to sail with its lights off while being escorted by two Brazilian Navy ships. Two days later, it arrived at Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, where the Pernambuco team won against the local state team 6–‍0.[5][6][7] The delegation then traveled to Belém, Pará, playing five games against teams based in the city. They beat Transviário 7–‍2 and Tuna Luso 3 – 1,[8] drew with the Pará state team 3–‍3 and 4–‍4 with Paysandu,[7][9] and subsequently lost to Remo 5–‍3.[8]

Manaus

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Although the team's delegation intended the matches in Belém to be the last ones of the excursion,[7] they were invited by Olímpico Clube to travel to Manaus, Amazonas, to play against the local teams,[10] making it the first time a team from Pernambuco visited the city.[11] The delegation left for Manaus on 25 January, traveling up the Amazon River[12] aboard a steamboat towing a shipment of food destined for Acre.[8] Traveling at a speed of 10 milhas náuticas (19 km; 12 mi) per day, it took two weeks for the squad to arrive in the state of Amazonas.[8][11]

The team arrived at Manaus on 7 February. Tired and playing under heavy rain, they lost their first game in Amazonas 3–‍2 to Olímpico. Santa Cruz played four more matches there, winning three times (5–‍1 and 5–‍4 against Rio Negro and 6–‍0 against Nacional) and losing once to the local state team.[11] Shortly after the first match against Rio Negro, the head of the delegation and six players suffered from a bout of dysentery. Under medical orders to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, avoid certain foods like eggs and crustaceans, and drink only mineral water, they recovered and were able to participate in the next matches.[13]

After the Manaus matches, the club directors planned for an international leg in Peru and Guyana.[14] However, the Brazilian Sports Federation blocked the trip in response to a request from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which advised clubs not to leave the country due to World War II.[15] Facing a 90-day suspension if they proceeded with the trip, the team gave up and returned to Belém aboard the steamboat Fortaleza.[6][16] Three players, Cidinho, Omar and França, did not come back with the squad, as they were "attracted by good offers" from local teams.[6][15] While traveling to Belém, two players had a relapse of dysentery. Goalkeeper King and striker Papeira were diagnosed with typhoid fever and hospitalized, both having disobeyed the medical orders. Papeira played barefoot, had cold showers and a few drinks, while King ate liver and eggs for dinner. The delegation intended to return to Recife as soon as possible, but all maritime travel was prohibited by the Brazilian government on 1 March, a day after they arrived in Belém.[15][17]

Belém to Recife

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Unable to buy plane tickets and needing to cover food and medical costs, the club had to keep playing matches to earn money.[15] Santa Cruz played against Remo on 2 March, winning 4–‍2. Shortly before the match, the Belém police chief received a telegram from Manaus ordering the arrest of defender Pedrinho, who was accused of "doing evil to a 17-year-old girl" during his stay in Manaus.[18] It turned out that the police officer who ordered his arrest was the director of an Amazonas club,[19] and was interested in the player's abilities. As the accusation was falsified, the player was never arrested.[18] He would play for Santa Cruz shortly afterwards, being included in the match against Paysandu on 9 March.[20]

Several football players walking around in a football field
Santa Cruz entering the field before a game in Belém

Santa Cruz suffered their first casualty shortly afterwards, as King died from typhoid fever on 4 March 1943.[c][18][21] His funeral was attended by various figures of Pará football, representatives of the CBD and the clubs where he played, and several Pernambuco authorities. The coffin was taken from the Pará Sports Federation headquarters to a cemetery, accompanied by a large crowd.[21] After King's death, Cidinho, who had defected from Santa Cruz a week earlier, returned to the club.[17]

Just three days after the death, the club played against Paysandu. A minute of silence was observed before the match. At 16:30, during the game, the players received the news that Papeira had also died.[6][17][22] After the match, the pitch was invaded by fans who commiserated with the players.[17] Paysandu's directors later visited Santa Cruz's delegation, and gifted them the Cidade do Recife trophy as an act of sympathy.[20] After losing two players, the club directors looked into returning to Recife via air travel,[22] but the hospital and funeral costs left the delegation without money. Santa Cruz played five more games in Belém, before starting the journey back via boat to Pernambuco on 28 March.[23]

Traveling first to São Luís, Maranhão, the players had to swap their first-class tickets for third-class ones to save on money. They were forced to travel alongside thirty-five thieves who were being "exported" by Pará police to Maranhão. As a safety measure, the fifteen trophies won by Santa Cruz in the tour were hidden. However, this precaution proved unnecessary as the thieves and the players became friends.[24][6][23] In São Luís, the boat was detained for security purposes, and the club played six matches there, one of which featured the ship's cook, substituting for an injured player.[24][6] Santa Cruz originally intended to depart to Recife after a match against Sampaio Corrêa (the fourth in Maranhão), but the delegation decided to play two more matches before leaving.[25] The ship departed at midnight, but had to return to São Luís due to a thunderstorm and the presence of German submarines.[24][6][25]

The players then decided to go to Teresina, Piauí, by train. The train derailed twice, but without any casualties. Santa Cruz played another match in Piauí before departing to Fortaleza, Ceará, by bus.[24][6][25] There, they played the last match of the excursion, losing to Ceará Sporting Club 3–‍2.[6][25] The excursion ended with either 26[1] or 28 matches played in total.[24] On 29 April 1943, almost four months after starting the tour, Santa Cruz arrived in Recife.[25][26] The team began the 1943 season on 2 May with the Campeonato Pernambucano, the state championship.[25] Papeira's suitcase was given to his family, but King's suitcase could not be returned as it was lost in the sea back in São Luís.[27]

Notes

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  1. ↑ Às vezes grafado como "Sidinho I", "Cidinho" e "Sidinho".
  2. ↑ Os associados são torcedores que pagam taxas de anuidade para obter benefícios como descontos nos preços dos ingressos e mercadorias. Para obter mais informações, consulte Clube esportivo § Organization.
  3. ↑ Some sources report the date as 3 March.[6][17]

References

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  1. ↑ a b c Costa (2020).
  2. ↑ Aragão (1979), p. 62, Seção "De novo no mar, junto com 35 ladrões".
  3. ↑ a b Trindade (1972), Seção "Formação da equipe".
  4. ↑ a b c d Trindade (1972).
  5. ↑ a b c Aragão (1979), p. 60.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Guedes, Marcos (29 de abril de 2023). «Há 80 anos, Santa Cruz completava 'a maior epopeia da história humana'». Folha de S.Paulo. ISSN 1414-5723. Consultado em 26 de abril de 2024. Cópia arquivada em 26 de abril de 2024 
  7. ↑ a b c Costa (2020), "Primeiros jogos e problemas" [First matches and problems] section.
  8. ↑ a b c d Aragão (1979), p. 60, "De Belém a Manaus, duas semanas no rio" [From Belém to Manaus, two weeks in the river] section.
  9. ↑ «O Santa Cruz empatou com o selecionado paraense». Jornal Pequeno (17). 22 de janeiro de 1943. p. 2. Consultado em 17 de maio de 2024. Cópia arquivada em 17 de maio de 2024 – via Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira 
  10. ↑ Trindade (1972), "Temporada amazonense" [Amazonas season] section.
  11. ↑ a b c Costa (2020), "Duas semanas no rio até Manaus com bebedeiras" [Two weeks in the river to Manaus with binge drinking] section.
  12. ↑ «Embarcou para Manáus a delegação do Santa Cruz». Jornal Pequeno (20). 26 de janeiro de 1943. p. 2. Consultado em 18 de maio de 2024. Cópia arquivada em 18 de maio de 2024 – via Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira 
  13. ↑ Aragão (1979), p. 60, "Do barco, direto para um hospital..." [From the boat, straight to a hospital...] section.
  14. ↑ Costa (2020), "Tentativa de jogos internacionais" [Attempting international matches] section.
  15. ↑ a b c d Aragão (1979), p. 61, "Do barco, direto para um hospital..." [From the boat, straight to a hospital...] section.
  16. ↑ Costa (2020), "Tentativa de jogos internacionais" [Attempting international matches] section.
  17. ↑ a b c d e Costa (2020), "Deserção, mortes e paralisação da navegação mudam planos" [Desertion, deaths and sailing shutdown change plans] section.
  18. ↑ a b c Aragão (1979), p. 61, "Em Belém, mortes e uma ordem de prisão" [In Belém, deaths and an arrest warrant] section.
  19. ↑ Trindade 1972, "Golpe baixo" [Low blow] section.
  20. ↑ a b «Um a um, o resultado do jogo contra o Paysandú». Diário de Pernambuco (57). 9 de março de 1943. p. 5. ISSN 1807-7072. Consultado em 20 de maio de 2024. Cópia arquivada em 20 de maio de 2024 – via Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira 
  21. ↑ a b «King faleceu, ontem, em Belem do Pará». Diário de Pernambuco (54). 5 de março de 1943. p. 5. ISSN 1807-7072. Consultado em 19 de maio de 2024. Cópia arquivada em 19 de maio de 2024 – via Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira 
  22. ↑ a b Aragão (1979), p. 62, "Em Belém, mortes e uma ordem de prisão" [In Belém, deaths and an arrest warrant] section.
  23. ↑ a b Costa (2020), "Mais jogos em Belém, viagem com ladrões e uma longa volta" [More matches in Belém, a trip with thieves and a long return] section.
  24. ↑ a b c d e Aragão (1979), p. 62, "De novo no mar, junto com 35 ladrões" [Back at sea, with 35 thieves] section.
  25. ↑ a b c d e f Costa (2020), "Últimos jogos, ameaça alemã e trem descarrilado" [Last matches, German threat and a derailed train] section.
  26. ↑ «O S.-Cruz reaparecerá amanhã». Diário de Pernambuco (100). 1 de maio de 1943. p. 8. ISSN 1807-7072. Consultado em 23 de maio de 2024. Cópia arquivada em 23 de maio de 2024 – via Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira 
  27. ↑ Aragão (1979), p. 62, "'Na volta, meu filho não me reconheceu'" ['On the way back, my son didn't recognize me'] section.

Bibliografia

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