Mostrar código-fonte de Pinyin tibetano

{{Multitag|snot|expand|data=junho de 2018}}
O '''pinyin tibetano''' ({{bo|t=བོད་ཡིག་གི་སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་}}; {{zh|s=藏文拼音|p=zàngwén pīnyīn}}) é o sistema de [[transliteração]] para o [[alfabeto latino]] da [[língua tibetana]] usado oficialmente na [[China]]. É baseado no [[dialeto]] de [[Lassa]], cuja [[pronúncia]] reflete com relativa precisão, à parte de não marcar os [[Língua tonal|tons]]. É usado na China como alternativa à [[transliteração Wylie]]. Segue a norma de [[romanização]] [[Romanização SASM/GNC|SASM/GNC]] (sigla de ''State Administration of Surveying and Mapping/Geographical Names Committee''; "Administração Estatal de Topografia e Mapeamento/Comité de Nomes Geográficos")

== Transliteração de caracteres tibetanos em pinyin tibetano ==
=== [[Consoante]]s ===
{|
|- valign="top"
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Piyin tibetano
![[Alfabeto fonético internacional|AFI]]
![[Alfabeto tibetano|Alfassilabário<br/>tibetano]]
![[Transliteração Wylie|Wylie]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|g ||{{AFI|[k]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཀ་}} || k
|- style="text-align:center"
|k||{{AFI|[kʰ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཁ་ ག་}} || kh, g
|- style="text-align:center"
|ng||{{AFI|[ŋ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ང་}} || ng
|- style="text-align:center"
|j||{{AFI|[tɕ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཅ་}} || c
|- style="text-align:center"
|q||{{AFI|[tɕʰ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཆ་ ཇ་}} || ch, j
|- style="text-align:center"
|ny||{{AFI|[ɲ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཉ་}} || ny
|- style="text-align:center"
|d||{{AFI|[t]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཏ་}} || t
|- style="text-align:center"
|t||{{AFI|[tʰ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཐ་ ད་}} || th, d
|- style="text-align:center"
|n||{{AFI|[n]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ན་}} || n
|- style="text-align:center"
|b||{{AFI|[p]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|པ་}} || p
|- style="text-align:center"
|p||{{AFI|[pʰ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཕ་ བ་}} || ph, b
|- style="text-align:center"
|m||{{AFI|[m]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|མ་}} || m
|- style="text-align:center"
|z||{{AFI|[ts]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཙ་}} || ts
|- style="text-align:center"
|c||{{AFI|[tsʰ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཚ་ ཛ་}} || tsh, dz
|}
| &nbsp;&nbsp; ||
{| class="wikitable"
!Piyin tibetano !!AFI !!Alfassilabário<br/>tibetano !!Wylie
|- style="text-align:center"
|w||{{AFI|[w]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཝ་}} || w
|- style="text-align:center"
|x||{{AFI|[ɕ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཞ་ ཤ་}} || zh, sh
|- style="text-align:center"
|s||{{AFI|[s]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཟ་ ས་}} || z, s
|- style="text-align:center"
|y||{{AFI|[j]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཡ་}} || y
|- style="text-align:center"
|r||{{AFI|[ɹ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ར་}} || r
|- style="text-align:center"
|l||{{AFI|[l]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ལ་}} || l
|- style="text-align:center"
|h||{{AFI|[h]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཧ་}} || h
|- style="text-align:center"
|gy||{{AFI|[c]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཀྱ་}} || gy
|- style="text-align:center"
|ky||{{AFI|[cʰ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཁྱ་ གྱ་}} || ky
|- style="text-align:center"
|zh||{{AFI|[tʂ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཀྲ་}} || kr
|- style="text-align:center"
|ch||{{AFI|[tʂʰ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཁྲ་ གྲ་}} || khr, gr
|- style="text-align:center"
|sh||{{AFI|[ʂ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ཧྲ་}} ||hr
|- style="text-align:center"
|lh||{{AFI|[ɬ]}}
| style="font-size:166%" | {{lang|bo|ལྷ་}} ||lh
|}
|}

=== [[Vogal|Vogais]] finais ===
Em combinação com {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨ}}  e {{lang|size=166%|bo|◌}}.
{| class="wikitable"
| Tibetano
| {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨ།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨར།}}  ||   {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨག།<Br />ཨགས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨབ།<Br />ཨབས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨམ།<Br />ཨམས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨང།<Br />ཨངས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨན།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨད།<Br />ཨས།}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨལ།<Br />ཨའི།}}  | {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨའུ།}}
|-
| Wylie ||a || ar || ag / ags || ab/abs || am/ams ||ang/angs  || an || ad/as || al/a'i || a'u
|-
| Pinyin tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|a}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ar}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ag}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ab}} ||   {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|am}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ang}}  ||   {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ain/än}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ai/ä}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ai/ä}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|au}}
|-
|
|-
| Tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨི།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིར།}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིག།<Br />ཨིགས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིབ།<Br />ཨིབས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིམ།<Br />ཨིམས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིང།<Br />ཨིངས།}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིན།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིད།<Br />ཨིས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིལ།<Br />ཨིའི།}} ||   {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨིའུ།}}
|-
| Wylie || i || ir ||  ig/igs || ib/ibs || im/ims || ing/ings || in || id/is  || il/i'i ||   i'u
|-
| Pinyin tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|i}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ir}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ig}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ib}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|im}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ing}} | {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|in}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|i}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|i}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|iu}}
|-
|
|-
| Tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུ།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུར།}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུག།<Br />ཨུགས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུབ།<Br />ཨུབས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུམ།<Br />ཨུམས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུང།<Br />ཨུངས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུན།}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུད།<Br />ཨུས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨུལ།<Br />ཨུའི།}}  ||
|-
| Wylie || u || ur || ug/ugs || ub/ubs || um/ums || ung/ungs || un || ud/us || ul/u'i ||
|-
| Pinyin tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|u}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ur}}  ||   {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ug}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ub}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|um}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ung}} ||   {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ün}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ü}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ü}}
|
|-
| Tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེ།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེར།}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེག།<Br />ཨེགས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེབ།<Br />ཨེབས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེམ།<Br />ཨེམས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེང།<Br />ཨེངས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེན།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེད།<Br />ཨེས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེལ།<Br />ཨེའི།}}   || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨེའུ}}
|-
| Wylie || e || er || eg/egs || eb/ebs || em/ems || eng/engs || en || ed/es || el/e'i || e'u
|-
| Pinyin tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ê}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|êr}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|êg}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|êb}} ||   {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|êm}} ||{{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|êng}} | {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ên}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ê}} | {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ê}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|iu}}
|-
|
|-
| Tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོ།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོར།}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོག།<Br />ཨོགས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོབ།<Br />ཨོབས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོམ།<Br />ཨོམས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོང།<Br />ཨོངས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོན།}}  ||   {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོད།<Br />ཨོས།}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo|ཨོལ།<Br />ཨོའི།}} ||
|-
| Wylie || o || or || og/ogs || ob/obs || om/oms || ong/ongs || on || od/os ||   ol/o'i
|-
| Pinyin tibetano|| {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|o}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|or}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|og}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ob}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|om}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|ong}} || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|oin/ön}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|oi/ö}}  || {{lang|size=166%|bo-Latn|oi/ö}} ||
|}

=== Vogais ===
{| class="wikitable"
! [[Alfabeto fonético internacional|AFI]]
! Exemplo de [[Transliteração Wylie|Wylie]]
! Pinyin tibetano
| rowspan="9" |
! AFI
! Exemplo de Wylie
! Pinyin tibetano
|-
| {{AFI|[a]}} || a || a
| colspan =3 |
|-
| {{AFI|[ɛ]}} || al, a'i || ai/ä || {{AFI|[ɛ̃]}} || an || ain/än
|-
| {{AFI|[i]}} || i, il, i'i || i || {{AFI|[ĩ]}} || in || in
|-
| {{AFI|[u]}} || u || u
| colspan=3 |
|-
| {{AFI|[y]}} || ul, u'i || ü || {{AFI|[ỹ]}} || un || ün
|-
| {{AFI|[e]}} || e, el, e'i || ê || {{AFI|[ẽ]}} || en || ên
|-
| {{AFI|[o]}} || o || o
| colspan= 3 |
|-
| {{AFI|[ø]}} || ol, o'i || oi/ö || {{AFI|[ø̃]}} || on || oin/ön
|}
{{NT|Les voyelles orthographiées ai, ain, oi, oin，sont dans les toponymes ä, än, ö, ön。|Nos topónimos, as vogais grafadas ai, ain, oi, oin passam a, respetivamente, ä, än, ö, ön。}}.

{{NT|Dans les faits, on simplifie généralement les ê médians par e|Na prática, geralmente simplificam-se os ê medianos por e}}.

=== Pares de vogais ===
{| class="wikitable"
! [[Alfabeto fonético internacional|AFI]]
! Pinyin tibetano
! Exemplo de [[Transliteração Wylie|Wylie]]
|-
| {{AFI|[au]}} || au || a'u
|-
| {{AFI|[iu]}} || iu || i'u, e'u
|}

=== Consoante final ===
{| class="wikitable"
! [[Alfabeto fonético internacional|AFI]]
! Pinyin tibetano
! Exemplo de [[Transliteração Wylie|Wylie]]
|-
| {{AFI|[ʔ]}} || n.d. || d, s
|-
| {{AFI|[n]}} || n ||
|-
| {{AFI|[k/q]}} || g || g, gs
|-
| {{AFI|[ŋ/ɴ]}} || ng || ng, ngs
|-
| {{AFI|[p]}} || b || b, bs
|-
| {{AFI|[m]}} || m || m, ms
|-
| {{AFI|[r]}} || r || r
|}

== Notas ==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Tradução/ref|fr|Pinyin tibétain|148955803}}
{{Refend}}

== Bibliografia ==
{{Refbegin}}
* Guójiā cèhuìjú dìmíng yánjiūsuǒ 国家测绘局地名研究所 (''Institute for Place Names of the State Survey Bureau''; ed.). ''Zhōngguó dìmínglù'' 中国地名录 /'' Gazetteer of China''. (Pékin, Zhōngguó dìtú chūbǎnshè 中国地图出版社 1997); {{ISBN|7-5031-1718-4}}. Com a grafia oficial de topónimos.
* ''Zàngwén pīnyīn jiàocái - Lāsàyīn'' 藏文拼音教材•拉萨音 / bod yig gi sgra sbyor slob deb, lha sa'i skad (''Curso em transcrição do tibetano, dialeto de Lassa''; Běijīng 北京, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 1983), {{ISBN|7-105-02577-8}}. Uma versão modificada da transcrição oficial, com letras de tons.
* Germano, David; Tournadre, Nicolas. [http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/#essay=/thl/phonetics/ THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan] (''Tibetan and Himalayan Library'', 12 de dezembro de 2003).
* Wylie, Turrell, ''A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription''. In: ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'', vol.&nbsp;22, 1959, p. 261-267.
{{Refend}}

[[Categoria:Romanização]]
[[Categoria:Língua tibetana]]