Toga

Uma toga

Magistrado vestindo uma toga

A toga era uma peça de vestuário característica da Roma Antiga.

Trata-se de uma peça de roupa de origem etrusca. De início, a toga apresentava uma forma retangular e curta. Mais tarde, passou a ser semicircular, tendo seu tamanho aumentado consideravelmente: a toga chegou a atingir aproximadamente 6 metros no lado reto e 2 metros de largura. Por isso, era difícil de usar, pelo que os romanos mais ricos possuíam mesmo um escravo encarregado de ajudar nesta tarefa (o uestiplicus).

A toga era a marca distintiva do cidadão romano, sendo proibido o seu uso aos estrangeiros e escravos. As mulheres romanas também utilizaram a toga, mas gradualmente adotaram a estola (uma espécie de vestido); a partir da época da República a toga passou a ser usada apenas pelas mulheres condenadas por adultério.

Tipos de toga[editar | editar código-fonte]

Existiam vários tipos de toga, associadas a diferentes funções e estatutos.

Toga viril (Toga pura/virillis) — era um toga lisa, feita de lã branca, usadas pelos homens romanos assim que atingissem a idade adulta.
Toga pretexta (Toga praetexta) — era uma toga branca que apresentava uma banda larga de cor púrpura. Era usada pelos rapazes que ainda não tinham tomado a toga viril e pelas jovens que ainda não tinham casado, bem como pelos principais magistrados e sacerdotes.
Toga cândida (Toga candida) — toga de um branco imaculado, era envergada pelos candidatos a cargos públicos (os candidati, de onde deriva a palavra candidato). A brancura desta toga era muitas vezes realçada recorrendo-se a cré.
Toga picta (Toga picta/purpurea) — usada pelos triunfadores e mais tarde pelo imperador.
Toga sórdida (Toga sordida/pulla) — era a toga dos pobres e do réu quando se apresentava no tribunal (servindo neste caso a toga para inspirar um sentimento de piedade).
Toga trábea (Toga trabea) — era uma toga toda púrpura ou então ornamentada com riscas horizontais de cor púrpura. Era usada pelos áugures e sacerdotes durante os atos rituais. Os deuses eram também representados usando esta toga.

Bibliografia[editar | editar código-fonte]

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Ver também[editar | editar código-fonte]

Estola (Roma Antiga)

O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Toga