Usuário(a):Hgfernan/Testes

Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.

Predefinição:IPstack

Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is an extension to the Internet Protocol and to the Transmission Control Protocol and is defined in RFC 3168 (2001). ECN allows end-to-end notification of network congestion without dropping packets. ECN is an optional feature that may be used between two ECN-enabled endpoints when the underlying network infrastructure also supports it.

Conventionally, TCP/IP networks signal congestion by dropping packets. When ECN is successfully negotiated, an ECN-aware router may set a mark in the IP header instead of dropping a packet in order to signal impending congestion. The receiver of the packet echoes the congestion indication to the sender, which reduces its transmission rate as if it detected a dropped packet.

Rather than responding properly or ignoring the bits, some outdated or faulty network equipment has historically dropped or mangled packets that have ECN bits set.[1][2][3] Desde 2015, measurements suggested that the fraction of web servers on the public Internet for which setting ECN prevents network connections had been reduced to less than 1%.[4]

In June 2015, Apple announced that ECN will be enabled by default on its supported and future products, to help drive the adoption of ECN signalling industry-wide.[5]


Cython é uma linguagem de programação que visa ser um superconjunto da linguagem de programação Python, projetada para oferecer desempenho similar ao C. A linguagem Cython é principalmente Python, com sintaxe adicional inspirada pelo C.

  1. Steven Bauer; Robert Beverly; Arthur Berger (2011). «Measuring the State of ECN Readiness in Servers, Clients, and Routers» (PDF). Internet Measurement Conference 2011 
  2. Alberto Medina; Mark Allman; Sally Floyd. «Measuring Interactions Between Transport Protocols and Middleboxes» (PDF). Internet Measurement Conference 2004 
  3. «TBIT, the TCP Behavior Inference Tool: ECN». Icir.org. Consultado em 22 de março de 2014 
  4. Brian Trammell; Mirja Kühlewind; Damiano Boppart; Iain Learmonth; Gorry Fairhurst; Richard Scheffenegger (2015). «Enabling Internet-Wide Deployment of Explicit Congestion Notification» (PDF). Proceedings of the Passive and Active Measurement Conference 2015. Consultado em 14 June 2015  Verifique data em: |acessodata= (ajuda)
  5. «Your App and Next Generation Networks». Apple Inc. 2015