Holoártico

Região holoártica.

Holoártico ou Holártico (do grego: holos "todo" e arktikos "urso") é a designação usada em biogeografia para referir conjuntamente os habitats encontrados nos continentes boreais da Terra. A região biogeográfica holoártica assim criada é em geral dividida na ecozona paleártica, que inclui o norte de África e toda a Eurásia, com excepção do sueste asiático e o subcontinente indiano, e na ecozona Neártica, que compreende toda a América do Norte até ao sul do México. Em geobotânica esta região corresponde, grosso modo, ao Reino Boreal.

Referências

• Bennet, K. D.; J. H. Lawton; A. Gibbs; M. H. Williamson; M. W. Holdgate; W. D. Hamilton; G. R. Conway. 1986. The Rate of Spread and Population in Increase of Forest Trees During the Postglacial [and Discussion]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 314:1167:523-531.
• Rodriguez, J;J. Hortal.;M. Nieto. 2006. An evaluation of the influence of environment and biogeography on community structure: the case of Holarctic mammals. Journal of Biogeography Vol. 33:2:291-303.
• Williams, D. W.; A. M. Liebhold. 2002. Climate change and the outbreak ranges of two North American bark beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 4:2:87–99.
• Taberlet, P.; R. Cheddadi 2002. Quaternary Refugia and Persistence of Biodiversity (in Science's Compass; Perspectives). Science, New Series 297:5589:2009-2010.
• Coope, G. R.; A. S. Wilkins. 1994. The Response of Insect Faunas to Glacial-Interglacial Climatic Fluctuations [and Discussion] (in Historical Perspective). Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 344:1307:19-26.
• Logan, J. A.; J. Régnière; J. A. Powell. 2003. Assessing the Impacts of Global Warming on Forest Pest Dynamics (in Reviews). Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1:3:130-137.
• Paquet, P. C.; R. F. Noss; H. B. Quigley; M. G. Hornocker; T. Merrill. 1996. Conservation Biology and Carnivore Conservation in the Rocky Mountains (in Special Section: Large Carnivore Conservation in the Rocky Mountains of the United States and Canada). Conservation Biology 10:4:949-963.
• Stewart, J.R.; A.M. Lister. 2001. Cryptic northern refugia and the origins of the modern biota. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16:11:608-613.
• Stokstad, E. 2004. Defrosting the Carbon Freezer of the North. Science 304:5677:1618-1620.
• Sommer, R. S.; N. Benecke. 2005. The recolonization of Europe by brown bears Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 after the Last Glacial Maximum. Mammal Review 35:2:156-164.
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Disponible en: http://unfccc.int/2860.php. Consultado en diciembre de 2007.
• Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative. Actualizado en 2006. Disponible en http://www.y2y.net. Accessed December 2007.
• Schultz, J. 2007. The Ecozones of the World. Traducido al inglés por B. Ahnert. Segunda Edición. Springer, Verlag, Netherlands.

Ver também

• Reino Boreal
• Reino florístico

Ligações externas

• Geobotânica : zonas do mundo