Usuário:Vapmachado/Rascunho de artigos

Este artigo está a ser ou foi desenvolvido e/ou revisto no âmbito de do projeto Logística 2009.

Wikipedia:Projectos escolares e universitários

Se é docente ou professor numa escola, politécnico ou universidade, encorajamo-lo a usar a Wikipédia nas aulas para demonstrar como é que um endereço Web de conteúdo aberto funciona (ou não). Não é a primeira pessoa a fazê-lo e muitos destes projectos tiveram como resultado tanto o aumento de conhecimentos dos estudantes, como a adição de conteúdo útil à Wikipédia. Uma vantagem em relação aos trabalhos habituais é que o estudante lida com uma situação no mundo real, o que não só é mais educacional, como também mais interessante («o mundo vê o meu trabalho»), resultando, provavelmente, numa maior dedicação. Para além disso, dá aos estudantes uma oportunidade de colaborarem nos apontamentos e artigos da disciplina e o esforço pode ficar em linha para referência, em vez de ser esquecido ou deitado fora, como costuma acontecer com os relatórios em papel ou os sistemas informáticos que são reinicializados rotineiramente.

If you are a professor or teacher at a school or university or college, we encourage you to use Wikipedia in your class to demonstrate how an open content website works (or doesn't). You are not the first person to do so, and many of these projects have resulted in both advancing the student's knowledge and useful content being added to Wikipedia. An advantage of this over regular homework is that the student is dealing with a real world situation, which is not only more educational but also makes it more interesting ("the world gets to see my work"), probably resulting in increased dedication. Besides, it will give the students a chance to collaborate on course notes and papers, and their effort might remain online for reference, instead of being discarded and forgotten as is usual with paper coursework, or classroom systems which are routinely reinitialized.

Wikipedia:WikiProject Classroom coordination exists to provide guidance to educators who incorporate Wikipedia writing assignments into their classes. Post questions for experienced Wikipedia volunteers at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Classroom coordination. Wikipedia:school and university projects - instructions for teachers and lecturers and Wikipedia:School and university projects - instructions for students are useful resources. There is also a syllabus boilerplate that you may want to use.

Guidelines[editar | editar código-fonte]

Please do keep the following guidelines in mind:

Practice first yourself before setting an assignment. Log into Wikipedia yourself, and spend some time editing. Do this long enough to get some feedback to your work, preferably long enough to also include negative (and, if you are lucky, unreasonable) feedback which will help you understand some of the more problematic aspects of Wikipedia. If you are not happy about associating this with your academic name, you can easily create a pseudonym - but please create an account for yourself.
Introductions. When you want to start such a project, please briefly describe what you are doing on this page under the "Current projects" heading, and if you think it is distinctive enough, feel free to leave a note on the Wikipedia:Village pump. Leave some contact information in the event that you need to be contacted about your project. Your wikipedia account's talk page is sufficient if you check periodically for new messages.
Keep it real. Please do not encourage your students to create nonsense pages or add junk to articles. Though usually cleaned up very quickly, it still has to be done manually by people who would prefer to engage in more productive work on encyclopedia articles. Furthermore, your students might be blocked from editing Wikipedia for "vandalism." In egregious cases, this will result in your entire school being blocked. If you want your students to 'learn wiki' first, please ask them to read Wikipedia:Help and direct them to Wikipedia:Sandbox for any test or practice edits they wish to make.
Testing and avoiding. It may be a good idea—though not necessarily easy—to run your own wiki and use it for experiments first. Use the MediaWiki software which can be installed on Linux, Windows or Mac OS X - see here and here. If some students do not want to submit material to Wikipedia (which forces their content to be licensed under the Free content license, the GFDL), they can use this for their final exercise instead.
- A simpler option than starting your own wiki is to use one of the many other public wikis.
Account names. Please do not create numerical accounts that match your university or school account numbers. While this may be initially convenient, if your students continue to edit Wikipedia, they may well wish to do so under a real name or a more congenial pseudonym. It also becomes confusing for other Wikipedians to review a number of edits made under very similar account names.
Read The Fine Manual. Encourage your students to take a look at the pages linked from Wikipedia:Help — they should answer many immediate questions.
Copyrights. Please do keep Wikipedia:Copyrights in mind. Not everything on the Web is free for the taking, and even that which is may not be compatible with our licensing. This is true for both text and images. Please remember your students will probably work from your own course notes. Be sure that this is acceptable. Furthermore, check who owns your students' course work. If the owner is your institution, check that you have permission to submit it. If it is your students, ensure that you have their legitimate, probably written, consent to require them to add material to Wikipedia.
Summarize and analyze. Once you have finished a project, we would very much appreciate reading a description of the results. This could be on a separate page if it is long, or on this page in the "Past projects" heading.
No original research. Wikipedia is not the place to publish new ideas, discoveries or articles. We are an encyclopedia, not an academic journal. You should familiarize yourself with our relevant policies, "No original research" and "What Wikipedia is not".
- Original Research To publish or operate original research projects please consider Wikipedia's sister site http://www.wikiversity.org Projects and publication of original data and research activities are expected to remain within the constraints of evolving policy as with any reputable institution. As a site designed to support learning communities, Wikiversity has much greater flexibilty to deal with tailored learning activities and data publication than a prestigious encyclopedia.
There are many other wikis, most with editorial policies different from Wikipedia's. Wikipedia is the world's most-visited wiki, and one of the largest. Wikipedia articles tend to rank high in Google Search results. Wikipedia's prominence attracts a large number of first-time wiki editors, some of whom are unaware that many other wikis exist. Because Wikipedia's editorial policies are much stricter than the ease of article editing may initially suggest, many articles by new editors are deleted. Some new editors would arguably be happier editing elsewhere, for example, on wikis catering to particular subject areas, with less-strict requirements for neutrality and attribution. Choose Wikipedia only if you want to participate in the creation of a high-quality free encyclopedia, not simply because it's the first and only wiki you have heard of.

Considerations and suggestions[editar | editar código-fonte]

Wikipedia policy is a combination of written guidelines with unwritten customs, and can be difficult for a newcomer to fathom. Most Wikipedians will be helpful in guiding newcomers and explaining how we do things. However, for the sake of your class we strongly suggest that you yourself contribute here and become familiar with Wikipedia before sending your students. Your students will be much less likely to encounter problems here if you can give them appropriate guidance.

It is especially important to consider what your students will contribute here. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, and has certain somewhat nebulous standards for its topics. A look at what wikipedia is not is helpful in finding our topic boundaries.

As Wikipedia expands, students may have trouble finding appropriate subjects for which no article exists. Unless you have specific topics in mind that you know are appropriate, try the following, rather than requiring them to create new ones on their own.

Educational template[editar | editar código-fonte]

We have a template that can be easily copied and adopted to create a wiki-syllabi for your course on Wikipedia. See: Wikipedia:School and university projects/Piotrus educational boilerplate.

Suggested exercises[editar | editar código-fonte]

Try having students start a requested article or expand an existing one:
Tell students to take existing orphaned articles and link them into appropriate places:
- Wikipedia:Orphaned articles
Tell students to fix spelling, factual, grammatical, and other errors.
Tell students to add wikitext markup, links, and standard sections to poorly-edited articles (i.e., to wikify articles):
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Wikify
Have students translate articles into English from another language.
- Wikipedia:Translation into English.
Students could translate our featured articles into other languages or write their own.
- Complete list of language Wikipedias available
Have students contribute to a subject-matter area that has generally been neglected.
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias
Students could work on the collaboration of the week.
Students could help with the projects at one of the Wikiportals (pages organizing projects on a broad subject area)
Students could add citations to existing pages, thus helping to improve the credibility of Wikipedia while they learn the significance of citing sources. (Wikipedia:Citing sources and Wikipedia:Forum for Encyclopedic Standards.)
Fork selected problem articles into a local Wiki for a class so students can edit them collaboratively. The resulting revisions can then replace or be incorporated into the original Wikipedia articles.
Students can participate as help desk volunteers, developing skill by answering questions from other Wikipedia users, and of course ask questions of their own:
- Wikipedia:Help desk
  - Note: in many cases, answering Help desk questions amounts to looking up the relevant Wikipedia policy or manual article. Students can learn much about how Wikipedia works by studying questions and answers on the Help desk, and learning how to look up the answers. In fact, teaching students how to answer Help desk questions would be a good way to teach them to be Wikipedians.
- Wikipedia:Village pump
- Wikipedia:Reference desk
For many courses of study, related WikiProjects exist. Students may obtain guidance from Wikipedians with similar interests, and find lists of open tasks in one or more WikiProjects corresponding to their majors. Just a few examples:

[Please add more.]

Current projects[editar | editar código-fonte]

Students are invited to add {{EducationalAssignment}} to the Talk page of articles which are created or get significant changes due to an assignment. The ending date and link to the project are optional: {{EducationalAssignment|date=YYYY-MM-DD|link=Wikipedia:School and university projects#PROJECT}}

This article is currently or was the subject of an educational assignment.

Predefinição:EducationalAssignment

Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal (Spring 2008)[editar | editar código-fonte]

Virgilio A. P. Machado is teaching another offering of a course in logistics to mostly industrial engineering undergraduate students. Their assignment (português) is to learn wiki and write articles related to logistics in the Portuguese Wikipedia. Two students from Greece registered for the course, so the project is also being developed in the English Wikipedia. Projects ends July 31, 2008.

Planned projects[editar | editar código-fonte]

The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (March 2008)[editar | editar código-fonte]

The University of Sydney's School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering will begin an undergraduate project in 2008.

Past projects[editar | editar código-fonte]

University of Pittsburgh (Spring 2008)[editar | editar código-fonte]

Students of Social Change in United States (with professor Salvatore Babones and teaching assistant Piotr Konieczny) will be using Wikipedia for written assignments with the aim of creating content related to 1) deindustrialization and Neighborhoods of Pittsburgh.--_{Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk} 22:35, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Assignment completed, the article diff before and after.--_{Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk} 19:06, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

Portland State University (Spring 2003)[editar | editar código-fonte]

Spring 2003: Bart Massey taught another offering of his ongoing combinatorial search class. His difficulty in finding an acceptable course textbook after a number of years of trying led to the idea of having students create content on Wikipedia that reflected the course materials, for future use.

The experiment was a mixed success. Some useful Wiki pages were created (e.g. combinatorial search, constraint-satisfaction problem). Some other pages were edited to reflect new content (e.g. best-first search). While Bart was not aware of this page or its guidelines at the time, he believes that they were mostly followed. In particular, he tried to edit all the inserted material for content and style (although failing somewhat at the latter).

Ultimately, much of the material collected was created offline on the course Wiki and elsewhere, and has never been incorporated into Wikipedia. This is a shame: if some other Wikipedian wanted to assist with this, that would be great. Otherwise, Bart will get around to it sometime before the next course offering: the project is currently moribund.

(For what it is worth, Bart agrees with the comments of Fuzheado above: Wikipedians, please do not be shy about helping clean up these pages. They could still use editing and addition.)

External Link: Bart's PSU CS 443/543 Combinatorial Search course page.

Other projects[editar | editar código-fonte]

Resources[editar | editar código-fonte]

Case studies[editar | editar código-fonte]

Lakhani, Karim R. and Mcafee, Andrew P. (2007) Harvard Business School Professors use Wikipedia as a Case study. Harvard Business School Accessed January 2007.