Anzol: diferenças entre revisões
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[[Categoria:Pesca]] |
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[[Categoria:Equipamento de pesca]] |
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<!-- ==Anatomy and construction== |
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Commonly referred to parts of a fish hook are: its ''point'' - the sharp end that penetrates the fish's mouth or flesh; the ''barb'' - the projection extending backwards from the point, that secures the fish from unhooking; the ''eye'' - the end of the hook that is connected to the fishing line or lure; the ''bend'' and ''shank'' - that portion of the hook that connects the point and the eye; and the ''gap'' - the distance between the shank and the point. In many cases, hooks are described by using these various parts of the hook. ''Example: Wide gap, 2X Long Shank, Hollow Point, Turned Down Ring Eye Bait hook.'' |
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Contemporary hooks are manufactured from either [[high-carbon steel]], steel alloyed with [[Vanadium]], or [[stainless steel]], depending on application. Most quality fish hooks are covered with some form of corrosion-resistant surface coating. Corrosion resistance is required not only when hooks are used, especially in saltwater, but while they are stored. Additionally, coatings are applied to color and/or provide aesthetic value to the hook. At a minimum, hooks designed for freshwater use are coated with a clear lacquer, but hooks are also coated with gold, nickel, Teflon, tin and different colors. |
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==Hook types== |
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[[Imagem:Fish hooks.jpg|thumb|300px|A Variety of fish hooks]] |
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There are a large number of different types of fish hooks. At the macro level, there are bait hooks, fly hooks and lure hooks. Within these broad categories there are wide varieties of hook types designed for different applications. Hook types differ in shape, materials, points and barbs, and eye type and ultimately in their intended application. When individual hook types are designed the specific characteristics of each of these hook components are optimized relative to the hook's intended purpose. For example, a delicate dry fly hook is made of thin wire with a tapered eye because weight is the overriding factor. Whereas Carlisle or Aberdeen light wire bait hooks make use of thin wire to reduce injury to live bait but the eyes are not tapered because weight is not an issue. Many factors contribute to hook design, including corrosion resistance, weight, strength, hooking efficiency, and whether the hook is being used for specific types of bait, on different types of lures or for different styles of flies. For each hook type, there are ranges of acceptable sizes. For all types of hooks, sizes range from 32 (the smallest) to 20/0 (the largest). |
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===Shapes and names=== |
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Hook shapes and names are as varied as fish themselves. In some cases hooks are identified by a traditional or historic name, e.g. Aberdeen, Limerick or O'Shaughnessy. In other cases, hooks are merely identified by their general purpose or have included in their name, one or more of their physical characteristics. Some manufacturers just give their hooks model numbers and describe their general purpose and characteristics. For example: |
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* ''Eagle Claw'': 139 is a Snelled Baitholder, Offset, Down Eye, Two Slices, Medium Wire |
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* ''Lazer Sharp'': L2004EL is a [[Circle hook|Circle]] Sea, Wide Gap, Non-Offset, Ringed Eye, Light Wire |
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* ''Mustad Model'': 92155 is a Beak Baitholder hook |
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* ''Mustad Model'': 91715D is an O'Shaughnessy Jig Hook, 90 degree angle |
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* ''TMC Model 300'': Streamer D/E, 6XL, Heavy wire, Forged, Bronze |
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* ''TMC Model 200R'': Nymph & Dry Fly Straight eye, 3XL, Standard wire, Semidropped point, Forged, Bronze |
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The shape of the hook shank can vary widely from merely straight to all sorts of curves, kinks, bends and offsets. These different shapes contribute in some cases to better hook penetration, fly imitations or bait holding ability. Many hooks intended to hold dead or artificial baits have sliced shanks which create barbs for better baiting holding ability. [[Jig (fishing)|Jig]] hooks are designed to have lead weight molded onto the hook shank. Hook descriptions may also include shank length as standard, extra long, 2XL, short, etc. and wire size such as fine wire, extra heavy, 2X heavy, etc. |
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====Single, double and triple hooks==== |
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[[Image:Angeln zubehoer wobbler 01.jpg|thumb|right|Fish hooks attached to [[Fishing lure|artificial lures]]]] |
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[[Image:Green Highlander salmon fly.jpg|thumb|right|A Salmon Fly hook as the foundation for a ''Green Highlander'', a classic salmon [[Artificial fly|fly]]]] |
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Hooks are designed as either ''single'' hooks—a single eye, shank and point; ''double'' hooks—a single eye merged with two shanks and points; or ''triple''—a single eye merged with three shanks and three evenly spaced points. Double hooks are formed from a single piece of wire and may or may not have their shanks brazed together for strength. Triple hooks are formed by adding a single eyeless hook to a double hook and brazing all three shanks together. Double hooks are used on some artificial lures and are a traditional fly hook for Atlantic Salmon flies, but are otherwise fairly uncommon. Triple hooks are used on all sorts of artificial lures as well as for a wide variety of bait applications. |
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====Bait hook shapes and names==== |
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Bait hook shapes and names include the Salmon Egg, Beak, O'Shaughnessy, Baitholder, Shark Hook, Aberdeen, Carlisle, Carp Hook, Tuna Circle, Offset Worm, [[Circle hook|Circle Hook]], suicide hook, Long Shank, Short Shank, J Hook, Octopus Hook and Big Game Jobu hooks. |
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====Fly hook shapes and names==== |
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Fly hook shapes include Sproat, Sneck, Limerick, Kendal, Viking, Captain Hamilton, Barleet, Swimming Nymph, Bend Back, Model Perfect, Keel, and Kink-shank. |
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===Points and barbs=== |
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The hook point is probably the most important part of the hook. It is the point that must penetrate fish flesh and secure the fish. The profile of the hook point and its length influence how well the point penetrates. The barb influences how far the point penetrates, how much pressure is required to penetrate and ultimately the holding power of the hook. Hook points are mechanically (ground) or chemically sharpened. Some hooks are barbless. Historically, many ancient fish hooks were barbless, but today a barbless hook is used to make hook removal and fish release less stressful on the fish. Hook points are also described relative to their offset from the hook shank. A kirbed hook point is offset to the left, a straight point has no offset and a reversed point is offset to the right. '' |
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[[Imagem:HookinFinger.jpg|thumb|left| A hook in a finger. Either surgery or pushing the hook through the finger are the least destructive methods to remove a barbed fishing hook.{{carece de fontes|data=agosto de 2012}}]] |
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Care needs to be taken when handling hooks as they can 'hook' the user. If a hook goes in deep enough below the barb, pulling the hook out will tear the flesh. There are three methods to remove a hook. The first is by cutting the flesh to remove it. The second is to cut the eye of the hook off and then push the remainder of the hook through the flesh and the third is to place pressure on the shank towards the flesh which pulls the barb into the now oval hole then push the hook out the way it came in.'' |
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====Hook point types==== |
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Hook points are commonly referred to by these names: needle point, rolled-in, hollow, spear, beak, mini-barb, semi-dropped and knife edge. Some other hook point names are used for branding by manufacturers. |
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===Eyes=== |
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[[Imagem:HookEyes.jpg|thumb|left|Up-turned, Down-turned and Straight Hook Eyes]] |
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The eye of a hook, although some hooks are technically eyeless, is the point where the hook is connected to the line. Hook eye design is usually optimized for either strength, weight and/or presentation. There are different types of eyes to the hooks. Typical eye types include the ring or ball eye, a brazed eye-the eye is fully closed, a tapered eye to reduce weight, a looped eye—traditional on Atlantic Salmon flies, needle eyes, and spade end—no eye at all, but a flattened area to allow secure [[snell knot|snelling]] of the leader to the hook. Hook eyes can also be positioned one of three ways on the shank—up turned, down turned or straight. |
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===Size=== |
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There are no internationally recognized standards for hooks and thus size is somewhat inconsistent between manufacturers. However, within a manufacturer's range of hooks, hook sizes are consistent. |
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Hook sizes generally are referred to by a numbering system that places the size 1 hook in the middle of the size range. Smaller hooks are referenced by larger [[integer|whole numbers]] (e.g. 1, 2, 3...). Larger hooks are referenced by increasing whole numbers followed by a slash and a zero (e.g. 1/0 (one aught), 2/0, 3/0...) as their size increases. The numbers represent relative sizes, normally associated with the gap (the distance from the point tip to the shank). The smallest size available is 32 and largest 20/0. |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery class="center" > |
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Image:FloatingWormHook.jpg|Floating Worm Hook (Artificial Bait Hook) |
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Image:OffsetWormHook.jpg|Offset Worm Hook (Artificial Bait Hook) |
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Image:LargeTrebleHook.jpg|Large 4/0 Freshwater Treble Hook |
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Image:SaltwaterJigHook.jpg|Saltwater Jig Hook (Artificial Lure) |
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Image:RedBaitHook.jpg|Red Bait Hook |
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Image:KeelFlyHook.jpg|Keel Fly Hook (Fly Tying) |
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Image:Saltwaterbendbackhook.jpg|Saltwater Bend Back Hook (Fly Tying) |
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</gallery> |
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==Hook manufacturers== |
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<center> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ Table of Fish Hook Manufacturers |
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|- |
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! width="30%"|Manufacturer |
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! width="20%"|Location |
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! width="20%"|Brand Names |
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! width="30%"|Types |
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|- |
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| [[O. Mustad & Son|O. Mustad and Son, A.O]] |
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| [[Norway]] |
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| Mustad |
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| All types of freshwater, saltwater, sport and commercial hooks |
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|- |
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| Tiemco, Inc. |
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| [[Japan]] |
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| TMC |
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| Fly hooks |
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|- |
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| Gamakatsu |
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| Japan |
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| Gamakatsu |
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| All types of freshwater, saltwater, sport and commercial hooks |
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|- |
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|- |
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| BKK |
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| China |
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| BKK |
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| All types of freshwater, saltwater, sport and commercial hooks |
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|- |
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|Wright and McGill Co. |
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|[[United States]] |
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|Eagle Claw, Lazer Trokar |
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|Freshwater, Saltwater sport and commercial hooks |
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|- |
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|Anglers Sport Group |
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|United States |
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|Daiichi, Tru-Turn, Xpoint |
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|Fly hooks, Sport fishing hooks |
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|- |
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|Owner Hooks Co., Ltd |
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|Japan |
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|Owner |
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|Freshwater, Saltwater sport and commercial hooks |
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|- |
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|[[Rapala]] VMC |
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|[[Finland]] |
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|VMC |
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|Lure and Live bait hooks, treble hooks |
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|- |
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|Partridge of Redditch |
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|[[England]] (Owned by FishingMatters Ltd.)<ref>{{citar web |url=http://www.fishingmatters.biz/2009/10/22/partridge-of-redditch-the-bird-has-returned-to-the-nest/ |titulo=The Bird has returned to the Nest |acessodata=2010-11-09}}</ref> |
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|Partridge |
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|Freshwater, Saltwater sport and commercial hooks |
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|- |
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|Basstar Baits Co. |
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|[[United States]] |
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|Spintech Hooks |
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| All types of freshwater, saltwater, sport and commercial hook |
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|- |
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|M-art kovo |
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|[[Czech Republic]] |
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|M-art |
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| Fly and fresh water hooks, also custom made small series |
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|} |
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</center> |
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==See also== |
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{{portal|left=yes|Fishing}}{{-}} |
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==References== |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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* {{citar livro |último=Wakeford |primeiro=Jacqueline |titulo=Fly Tying Tools and Materials |publicado=Lyons & Burford, Publishers |local=New York |ano=1992 |isbn=1-55821-183-7}} |
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* {{citar livro |último=Dunaway |primeiro=Vic |titulo=Vic Dunaway's Complete Book of Baits, Rigs & Tackle |publicado=Wickstrom Press |ano=1973 |isbn=0-936240-12-1 |local=Miami, FL }} |
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* {{citar livro |último=Dalrymple |primeiro=Byron W. |titulo=How to Rig and Fish Fish and Natural Baits |publicado=Funk & Wagnalls |local=New York |ano=1976 }} |
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* {{citar livro |último=Larson |primeiro=Dr. Todd E.A. |titulo=The History of the Fish Hook in America, Volume 1: From Forge to Machine |publicado=The Whitefish Press |local=Cincinnati |ano=2007 |isbn=978-0-9815102-3-1}} |
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{{Refend}} |
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==Ligações externas== |
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* {{commonscat-inline|Fishing hooks}} |
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{{fishing rod topics}} |
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{{fisheries and fishing}} |
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{{Controle de autoridade}} |
{{Controle de autoridade}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Fish Hook}} |
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[[Category:Fishing equipment]] |
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--> |
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Revisão das 22h17min de 3 de setembro de 2021
Anzol é uma ferramenta para a captura de peixes, utilizado com o objetivo de fisgar o animal pela boca, atraído por algum tipo de isca que faça parte ou que pareça algum alimento usual da espécie, conhecida como pesca à linha.[1]
Anzóis têm sido empregadas há séculos pelo homem, como ferramenta para obtenção de proteína de excelente qualidade, normalmente ligado a uma linha resistente e a outros aparelhos que permitam retirar o peixe da água.
Características
Um bom anzol deve possuir algumas características, independente do tamanho ou tipo do peixe: 1- Deve ser construido com materiais resistentes, não devendo ceder sob o peso do peixe; 2- Deve ter algum dispositivo de retenção, como uma fisga, para evitar que o animal se liberte; 3- Deve possuir um dispositivo de retenção da linha, como um anel ou uma chapinha onde se prenda o nó; 4- Deve ser construido com material degradável, não poluindo o meio ambiente e possibilitando que o peixe sobreviva, caso a linha se rompa.
Há uma enorme variedade de anzóis no mundo da pesca. Tamanhos, desenhos, formas e materiais são todos variáveis dependendo da modalidade da pesca e da espécie que se deseje capturar.
História
Anzóis ou artefatos semelhantes tem sido manufaturados há milhares de anos. Os mais antigos, de c. 7.000 anos a.C, são da Palestina. Uma descoberta recente, de 2011, na caverna de Jerimalai em Timor-Leste, de um anzol feito de conchas teria 40.000 anos e reclama a primazia.[2]
Existem também antigas referência na literatura, com no Leviatã, Livro de Jó, 41:1 -"Conseguiria içar um leviatã com um anzol?".
Em 2005, o anzol foi escolhido pela Forbes[3] como uma das vinte melhores ferramentas na história do homem.
Arqueologia
O uso de recursos aquáticos por seres humanos remonta à milhões de anos atrás.[4] Entretanto, é apenas a partir do Holoceno que aparecem os primeiros anzóis. No Brasil anzóis feitos em osso e datados de cerca de 10 mil anos atrás são encontrados no sítio arqueológico da Lapa do Santo.[5] A variedade de formas atesta para o consumo dos mais distintos tipos de peixes.
Referências
- ↑ http://www.pescamadora.com.br/anzois/
- ↑ Charles Choi (24 de novembro de 2011). «World's Oldest Fish Hooks Show Early Humans Fished Deep Sea». LiveScience. Consultado em 27 de maio de 2016
- ↑ David Ewalt (8 de maio de 2005). «Nº 19 - The Fish Hook». Forbes. Consultado em 27 de maio de 2016
- ↑ «Early Pleistocene aquatic resource use in the Turkana Basin». Journal of Human Evolution (em inglês). 77: 74–87. 1 de dezembro de 2014. ISSN 0047-2484. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.012
- ↑ «Cenas de um sítio arqueológico : Revista Pesquisa Fapesp». revistapesquisa.fapesp.br. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2018
