Auto-organização
Auto-organização, também chamada de ordem espontânea nas ciências sociais, é um processo em que alguma forma de ordem geral surge de interações locais entre partes de um sistema inicialmente desordenado. O processo pode ser espontâneo quando há energia suficiente disponível, não necessitando de controle por nenhum agente externo. Muitas vezes é desencadeada por flutuações aparentemente aleatórias, amplificadas por feedback positivo. A organização resultante é totalmente descentralizada, distribuída por todos os componentes do sistema. Como tal, a organização é tipicamente robusta e capaz de sobreviver ou autorreparar perturbações substanciais.A teoria do caos discute a auto-organização em termos de ilhas de previsibilidade em um mar de imprevisibilidade caótica.
A auto-organização ocorre em muitos sistemas físicos, químicos, biológicos, robóticos e cognitivos. Exemplos de auto-organização incluem cristalização, convecção térmica de fluidos, oscilação química, enxame de animais, circuitos neurais e mercados negros.
Referências
- ↑ Betzler, S. B.; Wisnet, A.; Breitbach, B.; Mitterbauer, C.; Weickert, J.; Schmidt-Mende, L.; Scheu, C. (2014). «Template-free synthesis of novel, highly-ordered 3D hierarchical Nb3O7(OH) superstructures with semiconductive and photoactive properties» (PDF). Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2 (30): 12005. doi:10.1039/C4TA02202E
Bibliografia
[editar | editar código-fonte]- W. Ross Ashby (1966), Design for a Brain, Chapman & Hall, 2nd edition.
- Per Bak (1996), How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality, Copernicus Books.
- Philip Ball (1999), The Self-Made Tapestry: Pattern Formation in Nature, Oxford University Press.
- Stafford Beer, Self-organization as autonomy: Brain of the Firm 2nd edition Wiley 1981 and Beyond Dispute Wiley 1994.
- Adrian Bejan (2000), Shape and Structure, from Engineering to Nature, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 324 pp.
- Mark Buchanan (2002), Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Theory of Networks W. W. Norton & Company.
- Scott Camazine, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, Nigel R. Franks, James Sneyd, Guy Theraulaz, & Eric Bonabeau (2001) Self-Organization in Biological Systems, Princeton Univ Press.
- Falko Dressler (2007), Self-Organization in Sensor and Actor Networks, Wiley & Sons.
- Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster (1979), The Hypercycle: A principle of natural self-organization, Springer.
- Myrna Estep (2003), A Theory of Immediate Awareness: Self-Organization and Adaptation in Natural Intelligence, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Myrna L. Estep (2006), Self-Organizing Natural Intelligence: Issues of Knowing, Meaning, and Complexity, Springer-Verlag.
- J. Doyne Farmer et al. (editors) (1986), "Evolution, Games, and Learning: Models for Adaptation in Machines and Nature", in: Physica D, Vol 22.
- Carlos Gershenson and Francis Heylighen (2003). "When Can we Call a System Self-organizing?" In Banzhaf, W, T. Christaller, P. Dittrich, J. T. Kim, and J. Ziegler, Advances in Artificial Life, 7th European Conference, ECAL 2003, Dortmund, Germany, pp. 606–14. LNAI 2801. Springer.
- Hermann Haken (1983) Synergetics: An Introduction. Nonequilibrium Phase Transition and Self-Organization in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Third Revised and Enlarged Edition, Springer-Verlag.
- F.A. Hayek Law, Legislation and Liberty, RKP, UK.
- Francis Heylighen (2001): "The Science of Self-organization and Adaptivity".
- Arthur Iberall (2016), Homeokinetics: The Basics, Strong Voices Publishing, Medfield, Massachusetts.
- Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen (1998), Self-Organized Criticality: Emergent Complex Behaviour in Physical and Biological Systems, Cambridge Lecture Notes in Physics 10, Cambridge University Press.
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- Stuart Kauffman (1993), Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution Oxford University Press.
- J. A. Scott Kelso (1995), Dynamic Patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
- J. A. Scott Kelso & David A Engstrom (2006), "The Complementary Nature", The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
- Alex Kentsis (2004), Self-organization of biological systems: Protein folding and supramolecular assembly, Ph.D. Thesis, New York University.
- E.V. Krishnamurthy (2009)", Multiset of Agents in a Network for Simulation of Complex Systems", in "Recent advances in Nonlinear Dynamics and synchronization, (NDS-1) – Theory and applications, Springer Verlag, New York,2009. Eds. K.Kyamakya, et al.
- Paul Krugman (1996), The Self-Organizing Economy, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
- Elizabeth McMillan (2004) "Complexity, Organizations and Change".
- Marshall, A (2002) The Unity of Nature, Imperial College Press: London (esp. chapter 5)
- Müller, J.-A., Lemke, F. (2000), Self-Organizing Data Mining.
- Gregoire Nicolis and Ilya Prigogine (1977) Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems, Wiley.
- Heinz Pagels (1988), The Dreams of Reason: The Computer and the Rise of the Sciences of Complexity, Simon & Schuster.
- Gordon Pask (1961), The cybernetics of evolutionary processes and of self organizing systems, 3rd. International Congress on Cybernetics, Namur, Association Internationale de Cybernetique.
- Christian Prehofer ea. (2005), "Self-Organization in Communication Networks: Principles and Design Paradigms", in: IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2005.
- Mitchell Resnick (1994), Turtles, Termites and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds, Complex Adaptive Systems series, MIT Press.}}ISBN?}}
- Lee Smolin (1997), The Life of the Cosmos Oxford University Press.
- Ricard V. Solé and Brian C. Goodwin (2001), Signs of Life: How Complexity Pervades Biology], Basic Books.
- Ricard V. Solé and Jordi Bascompte (2006), in Complex Ecosystems, Princeton U. Press
- Soodak, Harry; Iberall, Arthur (1978). «Homeokinetics: A Physical Science for Complex Systems». Science. 201 (4356): 579–582. Bibcode:1978Sci...201..579S. PMID 17794110. doi:10.1126/science.201.4356.579
- Steven Strogatz (2004), Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order, Thesis.
- D'Arcy Thompson (1917), On Growth and Form, Cambridge University Press, 1992 Dover Publications edition.
- J. Tkac, J Kroc (2017), Cellular Automaton Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization: Introduction into Self-Organization and Emergence "(open source software)" "Video – Simulation of DRX"
- Tom De Wolf, Tom Holvoet (2005), Emergence Versus Self-Organisation: Different Concepts but Promising When Combined, In Engineering Self Organising Systems: Methodologies and Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 3464, pp. 1–15.
- K. Yee (2003), "Ownership and Trade from Evolutionary Games", International Review of Law and Economics, 23.2, 183–197.
- Louise B. Young (2002), The Unfinished Universe[Falta ISBN]
Ligações externas
[editar | editar código-fonte]- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen
- PDF file on self-organized common law with references
- An entry on self-organization at the Principia Cybernetica site
- The Science of Self-organization and Adaptivity, a review paper by Francis Heylighen
- The Self-Organizing Systems (SOS) FAQby Chris Lucas, from the USENET newsgroup
comp.theory.self-org.sys
- David Griffeath, Primordial Soup Kitchen(graphics, papers)
- nlin.AO, nonlinear preprint archive, (electronic preprints in adaptation and self-organizing systems)
- «Structure and Dynamics of Organic Nanostructures». Arquivado em abril 21, 2016, no Wayback Machine
- «Metal organic coordination networks of oligopyridines and Cu on graphite». Arquivado em junho 11, 2016, no Wayback Machine
- Selforganization in complex networksThe Complex Systems Lab, Barcelona
- Computational Mechanics Groupat the Santa Fe Institute
- "Organisation must grow" (1939)W. Ross Ashby journal p. 759, from The W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive
- «Cosma Shalizi's notebook on self-organization from 2003-06-20». , used under the GFDL with permission from author.
- Connectivism:SelfOrganization
- UCLA Human Complex Systems Program
- "Interactions of Actors (IA), Theory and Some Applications" 1993Gordon Pask's theory of learning, evolution and self-organization (in draft).
- The Cybernetics Society
- Scott Camazine's webpage on self-organization in biological systems
- Mikhail Prokopenko's page on Information-driven Self-organisation (IDSO)
- Lakeside Labs Self-Organizing Networked SystemsA platform for science and technology, Klagenfurt, Austria.
- Watch 32 discordant metronomes synch up all by themselvestheatlantic.com