Civilizações mediterrânicas e do médio oriente[editar | editar código-fonte]
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- Indo-Saracenic Revival aka Hindoo Style, Indo-Gothic, Mughal-Gothic, Neo-Mughal, Hindu-Gothic late 19th c. (British India aka The Raj)
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O domínio da Igreja sobre todos os aspectos do quotidiano foi materializado em projectos de grande valor espiritual, onde são salientes a devoção e a sobriedade. O Românico foi simples e austero. O estilo Gótico intensificou a devoção através da ornamentação e complexidade dos elementos arquitectónicos religiosos.
- Enxaimel (Reino Unido, França, Alemanha, Holanda)
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1425-1660+. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread through Europe, rebelling against the all-powerful Church, by placing Man at the centre of his world instead of God.[1] The Gothic spires and pointed arches were replaced by classical domes and rounded arches, with comfortable spaces and entertaining details, in a celebration of humanity. The Baroque style was a florid development of this 200 years later, largely by the Catholic Church to restate its religious values.
1720-1837 and on. A time often depicted as a rural idyll by the great painters, but in fact was a hive of early industrial activity, with small kilns and workshops springing up wherever materials could be mined or manufactured. After the Renaissance, neoclassical forms were developed and refined into new styles for public buildings and the gentry.
19th- early 20th century. The Victorian Era was a time of giant leaps forward in technology and society, such as iron bridges, aqueducts, sewer systems, roads, canals, trains and factories. As engineers, inventors and businessmen they reshaped much of the British Empire, including the UK, India, Australia, South Africa and Canada, and influenced Europe and the USA. Architecturally, they were revivalists who modified old styles to suit new purposes.
Revivals originating prior to the Victorian Era[editar | editar código-fonte]
- Gothic Revival 1740s+ (UK, USA, Europe)
- Italianate 1802-1890 (UK, Europe, USA)
- Egyptian Revival 1809–1820s, 1840s, 1920s (Europe, USA)
- Biedermeier 1815–1848 (Central Europe)
- Russian Revival 1826-1917 (Russian Empire, Germany, Middle Asia)
- Russo-Byzantine style 1861-1917 (Russia, Eastern Europe, Balkans)
- Russian neoclassical revival 1900-1920 (Russian Empire, Eastern Europe)
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1880-1940. As a reaction to the dirty towns, urbanisation and mechanisation, movements appeared calling for a return to wholesome living, craftsmanship and a connection with nature. Some of this was manifested in a taste for exotic cultures and spirituality.
1880+. The Industrial Revolution had brought steel, plate glass, and mass-produced components. These enabled a brave new world of bold structural frames, with clean lines and plain or shiny surfaces. In the early stages, a popular motto was "decoration is a crime". In Eastern Europe the Communists rejected the West's decadent ways, and modernism developed in a markedly more bureaucratic, sombre and monumental fashion.
- Natural building
- Ice - Igloo, Quinzhee
- Earth - Cob house, Sod house, Adobe, Mudbrick house, Rammed earth
- Timber - Log cabin, Log house, Carpenter Gothic, Roundhouse, Stilt house
- Nomadic structures - Yaranga
- Temporary structures - Quonset hut, Nissen hut, Prefabricated home
- Underground - Underground living, Rock cut architecture, Monolithic church
- Modern low-energy systems - Straw-bale construction, Earthbag construction, Rice-hull bagwall construction, Earthship
- Various styles - Longhouse
- European Arctic (North Norway and Sweden, Finland, North Russia) - Sami Lavvu, Sami Goahti
- Northwest Europe (Norway, Sweden, Fresia, Jutland, Denmark, North Poland, UK, Iceland) - Norse architecture, Heathen hofs, Viking ring fortress, Stave church, Post church, Palisade church, Fogou (aka Earth house, Souterrain), Grubenhaus (aka Grubhouse, Grubhut)
- Bulgaria - Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo
- Estonia
- Germany - Swiss chalet style, Gulf house (aka East Frisian house), Geestharden house (aka Cimbrian house, Schleswig house), Haubarg, Low German house (aka Lower Saxony house), Middle German house, Ständerhaus, Uthland-Frisian house
- Holland - Frisian farmhouse, Old Frisian longhouse, Bildts farmhouse
- Iceland - Icelandic turf houses
- Italy - Trullo
- Lithuania - Polish-Lithunian wooden synagogues
- Norway
- Poland - Zakopane, Polish-Lithunian wooden synagogues, Wooden Churches of Southern Lesser Poland
- Romania - The Carpathians, Burdei, Wooden Churches of Maramureş, Chirpici
- Scotland - Medieval turf building in Cronberry, Black house
- Slovakia - Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians
- Spain - Asturian Teito, Asturian Hórreo, Gallician Palloza
- Ukraine - Wooden churches
- United Kingdom - Dartmoor longhouse, Neolithic long house, Palisade church, Post-war prefab houses
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- Central and South African countries - Rondavel
- English-speaking Australasia (Australia, New Zealand) - Slab hut
- Australia - Aborigine Humpy
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- Adam style 1770 England
- Adirondack Architecture 1850s New York, USA
- Anglo-Saxon architecture 450s-1066 England and Wales
- American colonial architecture 1720-1780s USA
- American Craftsman 1890s–1930 USA, California & east
- American Empire 1810
- American Foursquare mid. 1890s-late 1930s USA
- Amsterdam School 1912–1924 Netherlands
- Ancient Egyptian architecture 3000 BC–373 AD
- Ancient Greek architecture 776 BC-265 BC
- Arcology 1970s AD-present
- Art Deco 1925–1940s Europe & USA
- Art Nouveau c. 1885–1910
- 1880s-1920s; U.K., California, U.S.
- Australian architectural styles
- Baroque architecture
- Bauhaus
- Biedermeier 1815–1848
- Blobitecture 2003–present
- Brick Gothic c. 1350–c. 15th century
- Bristol Byzantine 1850-1880
- Brutalist architecture 1950s–1970s
- Buddhist architecture 1st century BC
- Byzantine architecture 527 AD (Sofia)-1520
- Carolingian architecture 780s-9th century France and Germany
- Carpenter Gothic USA and Canada 1840s on
- Chicago school 1880s and 1890 USA
- Chilota architecture 1600–present Chiloé and southern Chile
- Churrigueresque, 1660s-1750s. Spain and the New World
- City Beautiful movement 1890–20th century USA
- Classical architecture 600 BC-323 AD
- Colonial Revival architecture
- Constructivist architecture
- Danish Functionalism 1960s AD Denmark
- Deconstructivism 1982–present
- Decorated Period c. 1290–c. 1350
- Dragestil 1880s-1910s, Norway
- Dutch Colonial 1615-1674 (Treaty of Westminster) New England
- Dutch Colonial Revival c. 1900 New England
- Early English Period c. 1190—c. 1250
- Eastlake Style 1879-1905 New England
- Egyptian Revival architecture 1809–1820s, 1840s, 1920s
- Elizabethan architecture (b.1533 – d.1603)
- Empire 1804-1814, 1870 revival
- English Baroque 1666 (Great Fire)–1713 (Treaty of Utrecht)
- Expressionist architecture 1910–c. 1924
- Federal architecture 1780-1830 USA
- Florida cracker architecture c. 1800–present Florida, USA
- Florida modern 1950s or Tropical Modern
- Functionalism c. 1900-1930s Europe & USA
- Futurist architecture 1909 Europe
- Georgian architecture 1720-1840s UK & USA
- Googie architecture 1950s America
- Gothic Architecture History
- Gothic architecture
- Gothic Revival architecture 1760s–1840s
- Greek Revival architecture
- Green building 2000 ->
- Heliopolis style 1905–c. 1935 Egypt
- Indian architecture India
- Interactive architecture 2000–present
- International style 1930–present
- Isabelline Gothic 1474-1505 (reign) Spain
- Islamic Architecture 691-present
- Italianate architecture 1802
- Jacobean architecture 1580-1660
- Jacobethan 1838
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- Jeffersonian architecture 1790s-1830s Virginia, U.S.
- Jengki style 1950s Indonesia
- Jugendstil c. 1885–1910 German term for Art Nouveau
- Manueline 1495-1521 (reign) Portugal & colonies
- Mediterranean Revival Style 1890s–present; U.S., Latin America, Europe
- Memphis Group 1981-1988
- Merovingian architecture 5th century-8th century France and Germany
- Metabolist Movement 1959 Japan
- Mid-century modern 1950s-60s California, U.S., Latin America
- Mission Revival Style architecture 1894-1936; California, U.S.
- Modern movement 1927–1960s
- Modernisme 1888-1911 Catalonian Art Nouveau
- National Park Service Rustic 1872–present USA
- Natural building 2000 ->
- Nazi architecture 1933-1944 Germany
- Neo-Byzantine architecture 1882–1920s American
- Neoclassical architecture
- Neo-Grec 1848 and 1865
- Neo-gothic architecture
- Neolithic architecture 10,000 -3000 BC
- Neo-Manueline 1840s-1910s AD Portugal & Brazil
- New towns 1946-1968 United Kingdom
- Norman architecture 1074-1250
- Ottonian architecture 950s-1050s Germany
- Palladian architecture 1616–1680 (Jones)
- Perpendicular Period c. 1350–c. 1550
- Ponce Creole 1895-1920 Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Pombaline style 1755 earthquake-c. 1860 Portugal
- Postmodern architecture 1980s
- Polish Cathedral Style 1870-1930
- Polite architecture
- Prairie Style 1900–1917 USA
- Pueblo style 1898-1990s
- Queen Anne Style architecture 1870–1910s UK & USA
- Queenslander 1840s–1960s
- Ranch-style 1940s-1970s USA
- Repoblación architecture 880s-11th century Spain
- Regency architecture
- Richardsonian Romanesque 1880s USA
- Rococo
- Roman architecture 753 BC–663 AD
- Romanesque architecture 1050-1100
- Romanesque Revival architecture 1840–1900 USA
- Russian architecture 989-18th century
- Russian Revival 1826-1917, 1990s-present
- San Francisco architecture
- Second Empire 1865 and 1880
- Shingle Style 1879-1905 New England
- Sicilian Baroque 1693 earthquake–c. 1745
- Spanish Colonial Revival style 1915–present; California, Hawaii, Florida, Southwest U.S.
- Spanish Colonial style 1520s–c. 1820s; New World, East Indies, other colonies
- c. 1900–present; California, Florida, U.S., Latin America, Spain.
- Stalinist architecture 1933–1955 USSR
- Structural Expressionism 1980s-present
- Swiss chalet style 1840s-1920s, Scandinavia and Germany
- Stick Style 1860-1890s
- Sustainable architecture 2000 ->
- Soft Portuguese style 1940-1955 Portugal & colonies
- Streamline Moderne 1930–1937
- Structuralism 1950-1975
- Sumerian architecture 5300–2000 BC
- Tidewater architecture 19th century
- Tudor style architecture 1485–1603
- Tudorbethan architecture 1835–1885
- Ukrainian Baroque late 1600-19th century
- Usonian 1936–1940s USA
- Victorian architecture 1837 and 1901 UK
- Vienna Secession 1897-c. 1905 Austrian Art Nouveau
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- ↑ Gerald Leinwand, The pageant of world history, Prentice-Hall, 1990, page 330
- White, Norval; Elliott Willensky (2000). AIA Guide to New York 4th ed. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-8129-3107-6
- Lewis, Philippa; Gillian Darley (1986). Dictionary of Ornament, NY: Pantheon
- Baker, John Milnes, AIA (1994) American House Styles, NY: Norton
- Hamlin Alfred Dwight Foster, History of Architectural Styles, BiblioBazaar, 2009
- Carson Dunlop, Architectural Styles, Dearborn Real Estate, 2003
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