Usuário:Makendo k/livros
Predefinição:Censorship Many societies have banned certain books. This is a partial list of books that have been banned by governments, for various reasons. These bans can be enacted at the national or sub-national level, and can carry legal penalties for their infraction.
Books are also forbidden by religious authorities, who prohibit members of their faith from reading them, but without this being a criminal offense; examples of such can be found at List of books forbidden by religions.
Books may be challenged at a local level, and possibly removed from schools or libraries as a result, but not legally banned in the involved community; examples of such from the United States can be found at List of most commonly challenged books in the U.S.
Background[editar | editar código-fonte]
Books are banned for a variety of reasons. For example, one reason is to protect the public from their contents. The threats that are cited to justify the bans may be abstract (e.g., "obscenity") or more concrete (e.g., "public safety").
For example, various scriptures have been banned (and sometimes burned) at several points in history. For example, the Bible, the Qur'an, and other religious scriptures have all been subjected to censorship and have been banned by various governments. Similarly, books based on the scriptures have also been banned, such as Leo Tolstoy's The Kingdom of God Is Within You, which was banned in Russia for being anti-establishment. Non-religious books deemed critical of the state or its interests are another common target for banning.[1]
Books are frequently banned as "obscene" or "indecent" when they are perceived to be a threat to "public morals". Sexual content - especially in forms which are taboo in a given society - is the most common basis for such bans. In modern societies it is typical to material with sexual content to be made unavailable to children, without banning it altogether for adults, but certain kinds of content may receive a complete ban.
Books that present criminal matters have also been subjected to censorship, usually on the grounds that they either incite or assist in committing crimes. Small-press titles that have become infamous by being banned include The Anarchist Cookbook and Hit Man.
List of banned books[editar | editar código-fonte]
A[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Albertine | Christian Krohg | Novel | Banned in Norway in 1886, immediately after its publishing |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Lewis Carroll | Children's Novel/Adventure | Banned in the province of Hunan, China (1931) for the portrayal of anthropomorphized animals acting on the same level as humans.[2] |
All Quiet on the Western Front | Erich Maria Remarque | Anti-war novel | Banned in Nazi Germany for demoralizing and insulting the Wehrmacht.[3] |
American Psycho | Bret Easton Ellis | Fiction Novel | Theoretically banned in the Australian state of Queensland. Sale restricted to persons 18+ in other states. |
Angaray | Sajjad Zaheer | Progressive short stories | Banned in 1936 by the British government {{carece de fontes}}
|
Animal Farm | George Orwell | Political novella | Publication delayed in UK because of anti-Stalin theme. Confiscated in Germany by Allied troops. Banned in 1946 in Yugoslavia. Also banned in Kenya in 1991 and in the United Arab Emirates in 2002.[4] |
Areopagitica | John Milton | Essay | Banned in England for political reasons.[5] |
As I Lay Dying | William Faulkner | Novel | Banned in Kentucky for language and for being anti-Christian.[6] |
B[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Black Beauty | Anna Sewell | Novel | Was banned in South Africa in 1955 because of the use of the word 'black' in the title.[7] |
Brave New World | Aldous Huxley | Novel | Banned in Ireland in 1932.[8] |
Burger's Daughter | Nadine Gordimer | Novel | Banned in South Africa in 1979 for going against the government's racial policies.[9] |
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Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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The Call of the Wild | Jack London | Novel | Banned in Yugoslavia and Italy.[10] |
Candide | Voltaire | Novel | Seized by US Customs in 1930 for obscenity.[10] |
D[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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The Da Vinci Code | Dan Brown | Novel | Banned in Lebanon after Catholic leaders deemed it offensive to Christianity.[11] |
The Death of Lorca | Ian Gibson | Biography, True crime | Banned briefly in Spain.[12] |
Doctor Zhivago | Boris Pasternak | Novel | Banned within the USSR until 1988 for its criticism of the Bolshevik Party.[13] |
Droll Stories | Honoré de Balzac | Banned in Canada in 1914.[14] |
E[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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El Señor Presidente | Miguel Ángel Asturias | Novel | Banned in Guatemala because it went against the ruling political leaders. [15] |
F[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Fanny Hill or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure | John Cleland | Novel | Banned in the USA in 1821 for obscenity, then again in 1963. This was the last book ever banned in the USA.[3] See also Memoirs v. Massachusetts. |
The Federal Mafia | Irwin Schiff | Nonfiction | An injunction was issued by a U.S. District Court in Nevada under 26 U.S.C. § 7408 against Irwin Schiff and associates Cynthia Neun and Lawrence Cohen, against the sale of this book by those persons as the court found that the information it contains is fraudulent.[16] |
Fight Club | Chuck Palahniuk | Novel | Banned in China in 1999 for giving instructions on how to make various explosive devices. |
Fra Kristiania-Bohêmen | Hans Jæger | Novel | Banned in Norway in 1885, immediately after its publishing. |
The Fugitive (Perburuan) | Pramoedya Ananta Toer | Novel | Banned in Indonesia for being too communistic and for other political reasons.[17] |
G[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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The God of Small Things | Arundhati Roy | Novel | Written in 1996, claimed to be portraying intereligion occasional sex scenes involving a Christian woman and low caste-Hindu servant. Ban overturned in India.[18] |
The Grapes of Wrath | John Steinbeck | Novel | Banned in many places in the US. In the region of California in which it was partially set, it was banned because it made the residents of this region look bad.[19] |
The Gulag Archipelago | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | Nonfiction | Banned in the Soviet Union because it went against the image the Soviet Government tried to project of itself and its policies.[20] |
Gulliver's Travels | Jonathan Swift | Novel | Banned in Ireland [21] |
H[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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I[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Islam - A Concept of Political World Invasion | R.V. Bhasin | Political Ideology | Banned in Maharashtra, India in 2007, after its publishing on grounds that it promotes communal disharmony between Hindus and Muslims. |
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Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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The King Never Smiles | Paul M. Handley | Biography | Banned in Thailand for its criticism of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.[22] |
L[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Lady Chatterley's Lover | D. H. Lawrence | Novel | Temporarily banned in the United States and UK for violation of obscenity laws.
Temporarily banned in Australia.[23] |
Little Black Sambo | Helen Bannerman | Children's Book | Banned in Japan (1988 - 2005) to quell "political threats to boycott Japanese cultural exports", although the pictures were not those of the original version.[24] |
Lolita | Vladmir Nabokov | Novel | French officials banned it for being "obscene," as did England, Argentina, New Zealand and South Africa. [25] |
The Lottery | Shirley Jackson | Short Story | Banned in South Africa during Apartheid; Jackson responded that the government of South Africa "understood the story". |
M[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Mein Kampf | Adolf Hitler | Political ideology | Banned due to anti-Nazi laws. However, possession and sale for historical reasons is legal in Germany, Austria and the Netherlands {{carece de fontes}} . Was banned in the Soviet Union, but no longer so in Russia.
|
Mirror of the Polish Crown | Sebastian Miczyński | Anti-Semitic pamphlet | Because this pamphlet published in 1618 was one of the causes of the anti-Jewish riots in Cracow, it was banned by Sigismund III Vasa[26] |
The Mountain Wreath | Petar II Petrović-Njegoš | Drama in verse | Banned in Bosnia schools by Carlos Westendorp.[27] |
N[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Naked Lunch | William S. Burroughs | Novel | Banned by Boston courts in 1962 for obscenity, but that decision was reversed in 1966 by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.[28] |
Nineteen Eighty-Four | George Orwell | Novel | Banned by the USSR in 1950, as Stalin thought it was a view on his country in the future, it was nearly banned by USA and UK in the early 1960s during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It was not until 1990 that the USSR stopped banning the book and it was re-released after editing. |
Notre ami le roi | Gilles Perrault | Biography of Hassan II of Morocco | Banned in Morocco. This book is a biography of King Hassan and examines cases of torture, killing and political imprisonment said to have been carried out by the Moroccan Government.[29] |
Not Without My Daughter | Betty Mahmoody | Novel | Banned in Iran. It is a real life story of an American citizen's escape along with her daughter from the clutches of her husband in Iran. It created furore in Iran for showing the general conditions there in bad light as well as for being critical of Islamic customs. |
Nine Hours To Rama | Stanley Wolpert | Banned in India. It exposes persons responsible for security lapses that led to Mahatma Gandhi's assassination. |
O[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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On the Origins and Perpetual Use of the Legislative Powers of the Apostolic Kings of Hungary in Matters Ecclesiastical. | Adam F. Kollár | Legal-political | Banned by the Vatican in 1514 for arguments against the political role of the Roman Catholic Church.[30] Original title: De Originibus et Usu perpetuo. |
One Day of Life | Manlio Argueta | Novel | Banned by El Salvador for its portrayal of human rights violations.[31] |
P[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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The Peaceful Pill Handbook | Philip Nitschke and Fiona Stewart | Instructional manual on euthanasia | It was initially banned in New Zealand by Office of Film & Literature Classification since it was deemed to be objectionable.[32] In May 2008 it was allowed for sale if sealed and an indication of the censorship classification was displayed. The book remains banned outright in Australia. A digital edition is available from Peacefulpill.com [6][33] |
Polyester Prince - Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani | Hamish MacDonald | Biography | Banned in India. Exposes unholy nexus between Dhirubhai Ambani - A leading Indian industrialist and the Indian Government. Contains details on how he managed to control and subjugate the press, bring down a Central Government and bribed Politicians to obtain legislations in his favour. Ban in India believed to be due to proximity of Mukesh Ambani to the present Government. |
Q[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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R[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Rangila Rasul | Pt. Chamupati | Religious | Currently banned in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.[34] |
Rights of Man | Thomas Paine | Political | Banned in the UK and author charged with treason for supporting the French Revolution.[10] Banned in Tzarist Russia after the Decembrist revolt.[35] |
S[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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The Satanic Verses | Salman Rushdie | Novel | Banned in Bangladesh, India, Singapore,[36] and Iran for blasphemy.[37] |
Soft Target: How Indian Intelligence Service Penetrated Canada | Zuhair Kashmeri & Brian McAndrew | Investigative Journalism | Banned in India.[38] |
Sorros of Young Wether, The | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Novel | Banned in several European countries because of the encouragement of suicidal deaths it showed in the public. [39]{{carece de fontes}}
|
The Song of the Red Ruby | Agnar Mykle | Novel | Banned in Norway in 1957 for its explicit sexual content. The ban was lifted by the Supreme Court in 1958. |
Spycatcher | Peter Wright | Autobiography | Banned in UK 1985-1988 for revealing secrets. Wright was a former MI5 intelligence officer and his book was banned before it was even published in 1987.[40][41] |
T[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Tropic of Cancer | Henry Miller | Novel (fictionalized memoir) | Banned in the US in the 1930s until the early 1960s, seized by US customs for sexually explicit content and vulgarity. The rest of Miller's work was also banned by the United States.[43] Also banned in South Africa until the late 1980s.{{carece de fontes}}
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The Turner Diaries | William Luther Pierce | Novel | Banned in Germany for its Nazi ideology theme and Pierce leadership in the American Nazi Party. Blamed for a number of crimes allegedly inspired by the novel.[44] |
U[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Ulysses | James Joyce | Novel | Challenged and temporarily banned in the US for its sexual content. Ban overturned in United States v. One Book Called Ulysses.{{carece de fontes}}
|
Uncle Tom's Cabin | Harriet Beecher Stowe | Novel | Banned in the Southern States and Tsarist Russia since the government expected the people to see similarities between treatment of slaves in the US and the treatment of the Russian serfs.[45] |
United States-Vietnam Relations: 1945-1967 | Robert McNamara and the United States Department of Defense | Government Study | President Nixon attempted to suspend publication of classified information. See: New York Times Co. v. United States{{carece de fontes}}
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Uten en tråd | Jens Bjørneboe | Novel | Published in 1966, banned in Norway for its explicit sexual content. The ban was later lifted. |
Unarmed Victory | Bertrand Russell | Banned in India. Contains unflattering details of the 1962 Sino-India War. |
V[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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W[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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The Wealth of Nations | Adam Smith | Economic treatise | Banned in communist nations {{carece de fontes}} for its capitalist content.
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The Well of Loneliness | Radclyffe Hall | Novel | Banned in the UK in 1928 for its lesbian theme, republished in 1949.[46] |
X[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Y[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Year 501: The Conquest Continues | Noam Chomsky | Politics | Banned for distribution in South Korean military as one of 23 books banned from Aug 1st 2008. |
Z[editar | editar código-fonte]
Title | Author | Type of Literature | Reason |
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Zhuan Falun | Li Hongzhi | Spiritual | Banned in China as part of the persecution of Falun Gong, which began in 1999.[48] |
See also[editar | editar código-fonte]
- Areopagitica: A speech of Mr John Milton for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the Parliament of England
- Book burning
- Censorship
- International Freedom of Expression Exchange
- List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum
- List of authors banned during the Third Reich
- List of banned films
- List of banned writers
- List of most commonly challenged books in the U.S.
References[editar | editar código-fonte]
- ↑
Skold, Walter. «Ray Bradbury Condemns Cuban Book Burning; 'Fahrenheit 451' Author Takes Stance While U.S. Librarians Ignore Counterparts». WorldNetDaily. Consultado em 10 de janeiro de 2009.
Among some of the many thousands of materials burned or destroyed by the Cuban Department of Interior were books on the United States Constitution, Martin Luther King, Jr., journalism manuals, a book called 'Fidel's Secret Wars,' and in one case, even a book by José Martí, the Cuban hero of independence beloved by most Cubans and often quoted by Castro.
Parâmetro desconhecido|curly=
ignorado (ajuda) - ↑ [1]
- ↑ a b Grannis, Chandler B.; Haight, Anne (Lyon) (1978). Banned books, 387 B. C. to 1978 A. D. New York: R. R. Bowker. 80 páginas. ISBN 0-8352-1078-2
- ↑ Karolides et al, p. 13-16
- ↑ Karolides et al, p. 16-20
- ↑ Predefinição:Citebook
- ↑ «Why Were These Books Banned?»[ligação inativa]
- ↑ Forbidden library
- ↑ Karolides et al, p. 29-32
- ↑ a b c «Banned Books Online»
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ Karolides et al, p. 40-45
- ↑ CBC's The Current the whole show blow by blow.
- ↑ Karolides et al, p. 45-50
- ↑ See also footnote 1, United States v. Schiff, 2008-1 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) paragr. 50,111 (9th Cir. 2007), citing United States v. Schiff, 379 F.3d 621, 630 (9th Cir. 2004), regarding the Court's finding that the book The Federal Mafia: How the Government Illegally Imposes and Unlawfully Collects Income Taxes constituted "fraudulent commercial speech."
- ↑ Karolides et al, p. 50-57
- ↑ «Top 10 "Obscene" Literary Classics»
- ↑ Karolides et al, p 57-71
- ↑ Karolides et al, p 71-78
- ↑ http://title.forbiddenlibrary.com/
- ↑ Warrick-Alexander, James (February 6, 2006). Thailand Bars Univ. Website. Yale Daily News.
- ↑ Cleland, John; Rembar, Charles; Miller, Henry (1986). The end of obscenity: the trials of Lady Chatterley, Tropic of cancer, and Fanny Hill. San Francisco: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-097061-8
- ↑ «Banned Books». Undated. Consultado em 6 de setembro de 2008 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1842832_1842838_1845288,00.html
- ↑ Ringelblum, Emanuel; Joseph Kermish, Shmuel Krakowski. Polish-Jewish Relations During the Second World War. [S.l.]: Northwestern University Press. 190 páginas. ISBN 0810109638
- ↑ «New World Order's Inquisition in Bosnia»
- ↑ http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/03/01/features/beats.php
- ↑ Notre ami le roi par Gilles Perrault
- ↑ Andor Csizmadia, Adam Franz Kollár und die ungarische rechtshistorische Forschung. 1982.
- ↑ Ferris, Geoff (fevereiro de 2002). «One Day of Life». Western Michigan University. Consultado em 12 de dezembro de 2008
- ↑ Office of Film & Literature Classification - "The Peaceful Pill Handbook banned"
- ↑ http://www.censorship.govt.nz/pdfword/peaceful%20pill%20s38.pdf Office of Film & Literature Classification
- ↑ Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850 by Ayesha Jalal
- ↑ [4]
- ↑ «Singapore will not Allow Publication of Prophet Cartoons». Bloomberg.com. 2006-02-10. Consultado em 14 de junho de 2007[ligação inativa]
- ↑ [5]
- ↑ «Amazon Soft Target Book listing». Consultado em 19 de dezembro de 2007
- ↑ [Quirkology: The science of everyday lifes]
- ↑ Zuckerman, Laurence (17 de agosto de 1987). «How Not to Silence a Spy». Time. Time Warner. Consultado em 20 de janeiro de 2008
- ↑ 1987: Ban lifted on MI5 man's memoirs
- ↑ «Edict Against Arius». 333
- ↑ From Henry Miller to Howard Stern, by Patti Davis, Newsweek, March, 2004
- ↑ «'Turner Diaries' introduced in McVeigh trial»
- ↑ «Stowe Debate»
- ↑ Smith, David (2 de janeiro de 2005). «Lesbian novel was 'danger to nation'». The Observer. Consultado em 9 de outubro de 2006
- ↑ Military expands book blacklist
- ↑ Why is Falun Gong Banned?, New Statesman, 19 August, 2008.
External links[editar | editar código-fonte]
- www.bannedmagazine.com, the journal of censorship and secrecy
- List of books challenged in Canada
- Minneapolis Public Library: Banned Books Week
- The most frequently banned books in the early 1990s - broken link
- HarperCollins books that have been challenged
- Judy Blume talks about censorship
- Original stories by censored writers
- Fahrenheit 451 Banned Book Blog: comprehensive list of links
- Banned cartoons
- Links related to Banned Books Week and book burning
- Banned books online
- The Forbidden Library: Banned and Challenged Books
- Castro and the ACLU v Miami's Book 'Ban', by Humberto Fontova, author of "Fidel: Hollywood's Favorite Tyrant", 8 August 2006
- American Library Association's list of 100 most frequently challenged books (1990–2000)
- Beacon For Freedom of Expression's list of 14,499 South African banned books and newspapers 1950 - 1994