Lei e Justiça

Lei e Justiça Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
Presidente	Jarosław Kaczyński
Fundação	2001
Sede	Varsóvia, Polónia
Ideologia	Nacionalismo polaco Conservadorismo Conservadorismo social Democracia cristã Nacionalismo econômico Eurocepticismo
Espectro político	Direita^[1]^[2]^[3] a extrema-direita^[4]
Ala jovem	Forum Młodych Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
Membros (2012)	21.766
Afiliação europeia	Aliança dos Reformistas e Conservadores Europeus
Grupo no Parlamento Europeu	Reformistas e Conservadores Europeus
Cores	Azul e Vermelho

Lei e Justiça (em polaco: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS) é um partido direita política^[5]^[6]^[7] nacional-conservador^[8] e democrata-cristão^[9] da Polónia. Com 216 assentos no Sejm e 56 no Senado, o PiS actualmente é o maior partido no parlamento polaco.

O partido foi fundado em 2001 pelos gémeos Kaczyński, Lech e Jarosław. Foi formado como uma cisão da Acção Eleitoral de Solidariedade (AWS), com o Acordo do Centro Democrático Cristão formando o núcleo do novo partido. O partido ganhou as eleições de 2005, enquanto Lech Kaczyński ganhou a presidência. Jarosław serviu como primeiro-ministro, antes de convocar eleições em 2007, em que o partido perdeu o poder para a Plataforma Cívica.^[10] Vários membros importantes, incluindo o presidente polaco, Lech Kaczyński, morreram num acidente de avião em 2010.^[11]

O programa do partido é dominado pela agenda conservadora e de lei e ordem dos Kaczyński. O partido segue uma linha de keynesianismo desenvolvimentista,^[12]^[13] mantendo uma postura socialmente conservadora que em 2005 se moveu próxima da linha da Igreja Católica. O partido também segue uma linha nacionalista,^[14] sendo crítico do Europeísmo e defendo a aliança da Polónia com a NATO.^[15]

Resultados Eleitorais[editar | editar código-fonte]

Eleições legislativas[editar | editar código-fonte]

Sejm[editar | editar código-fonte]

Data	CI.	Votos	%	+/-	Deputados	+/-	Status
2001	4.º	1 236 787	00000000000009.5 9,5 / 100,0		0000000000000044 44 / 460		Oposição
2005	1.º	3 185 714	00000000000027.0 27,0 / 100,0	17,5	0000000000000155 155 / 460	111	Governo
2007	2.º	5 183 477	00000000000032.1 32,1 / 100,0	5,1	0000000000000166 166 / 460	11	Oposição
2011	2.º	4 295 016	00000000000029.9 29,9 / 100,0	2,2	0000000000000157 157 / 460	9	Oposição
2015	1.º	5 711 687	00000000000037.6 37,6 / 100,0	7,7	0000000000000235 235 / 460	78	Governo
2019	1.º	8 051 935	00000000000043.6 43,6 / 100,0	6,0	0000000000000235 235 / 460		Governo

Senado[editar | editar código-fonte]

Data	Deputados	+/-	Status	Notas
2001	0000000000000015 15 / 100		Oposição	Senado 2001
2005	0000000000000049 49 / 100	34	Governo
2007	0000000000000039 39 / 100	10	Oposição
2011	0000000000000031 31 / 100	8	Oposição
2015	0000000000000061 61 / 100	30	Governo
2019	0000000000000048 48 / 100	2	Governo

Eleições presidenciais[editar | editar código-fonte]

Data	Candidato Apoiado	1ª Volta			2ª Volta
Data	Candidato Apoiado	CI.	Votos	%	CI.	Votos	%
2005	Lech Kaczyński	2.º	4 947 027	00000000000033.1 33,1 / 100,0	1.º	8 257 468	00000000000054.0 54,0 / 100,0
2010	Jarosław Kaczyński	2.º	6 128 255	00000000000036.5 36,5 / 100,0	2.º	7 919 134	00000000000047.0 47,0 / 100,0
2015	Andrzej Duda	1.º	5 179 092	00000000000034.8 34,8 / 100,0	1.º	8 630 627	00000000000051.6 51,6 / 100,0

Eleições europeias[editar | editar código-fonte]

Data	CI.	Votos	%	+/-	Deputados	+/-
2004	3.º	771 858	00000000000012.7 12,7 / 100,0		0000000000000007 7 / 54
2009	2.º	2 017 607	00000000000027.4 27,4 / 100,0	14,7	0000000000000015 15 / 50	8
2014	2.º	2 246 870	00000000000031.8 31,8 / 100,0	4,4	0000000000000018 18 / 51	4
2019	1.º	6 192 780	00000000000045.4 45,4 / 100,0	13,6	0000000000000026 26 / 51	8

Ver também[editar | editar código-fonte]

Prometeísmo

Referências

↑ Michael Minkenberg (2013). «Between Tradition and Transition: the Central European Radical Right and the New European Order». In: Christina Schori Liang. Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right. [S.l.]: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 261. ISBN 978-1-4094-9825-4
↑ Lenka Bustikova (2018). «The Radical Right in Eastern Europe». In: Jens Rydgren. The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. p. 574. ISBN 978-0-19-027455-9
↑ Aleks Szczerbiak (2012). Poland Within the European Union: New Awkward Partner Or New Heart of Europe?. [S.l.]: Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-415-38073-7
↑
- «Poland Bashes Immigrants, but Quietly Takes Christian Ones». New York Times. 26 de março de 2019. The far-right Law and Justice party came to power in 2015, at the height of Europe’s migrant crisis, after running a campaign that inspired choruses of “Poland for Poles.”
- «Poland's in crisis again. Here's what you should know about the far right's latest power-grab.». Washington Post. 28 de novembro de 2017. Since taking control of both the presidency and the parliament in November 2015, Poland’s far-right Law and Justice (PiS) party has swiftly changed the rules for public media, the secret service, education, and the military.
- «EU's top court shows how to tackle autocrats». Financial Times. 27 de junho de 2019. Poland’s ultra-conservative Law and Justice (PiS) government followed suit last year.
- «Why will Poland not take in any Muslims?». Al Jazeera America. 8 de novembro de 2019. Poland's ultra-conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS) won a second term in office last month, a victory that critics fear will accelerate the country's slide towards authoritarianism.
- «Poland's Government Is Systematically Silencing Opposition Voices». Foreign Policy. 31 de maio de 2019. Today, it is the main voice holding the ruling far-right Law and Justice (PiS) party accountable, while facing constant attacks from that government.
- «How Poland uses foreign lobbyists to fight PR wars and influence U.S. policy». Center for Responsive Politics. 19 de fevereiro de 2019. Since the 2015 election of the far-right Law and Justice party in Poland, the country’s history with the Holocaust has become a point of contention with Israel.
- «Zack Blumberg: Europe's far right movements come on strong, but what next?». The Michigan Daily. 11 de abril de 2019. In the 2015 Polish parliamentary election, the far-right Law and Justice Party, or PiS, won with an outright majority (meaning they did not need to form a coalition to govern), something that had not been done in Poland since the fall of communism in 1989.
- «Revealed: dozens of European politicians linked to US 'incubator for extremism'». Open Democracy. 27 de março de 2019. He had then recently left the far right Law and Justice (PiS) party over its failure to push through a constitutional amendment that would have banned abortion in all cases.
- «What to Make of the European Elections». The Atlantic. 30 de maio de 2019. In Poland, the far-right Law and Justice bested a broad alliance of moderate politicians.
↑ Press, The Associated. «www.haaretz.com/misc/haaretzcomsmartphoneapp/1.721292». www.haaretz.com (em inglês). Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2017
↑ Gwiazda, Anna (24 de julho de 2015). Democracy in Poland: Representation, Participation, Competition and Accountability Since 1989 (em inglês). [S.l.]: Routledge. ISBN 9781317396215
↑ «A conservative enigma». The Economist (em inglês)
↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram. «Parties and Elections in Europe». parties-and-elections.eu. Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2017
↑ Hierlemann, Dominik (27 de fevereiro de 2015). Lobbying der katholischen Kirche: Das Einflussnetz des Klerus in Polen (em alemão). [S.l.]: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 9783322807557
↑ Traynor, Ian; editor, Europe (22 de outubro de 2007). «Opposition triumph in Polish election». The Guardian (em inglês). ISSN 0261-3077
↑ Kulish, Nicholas; Barry, Ellen; Piotrowski, Michal (10 de abril de 2010). «Polish President Dies in Jet Crash in Russia». The New York Times (em inglês). ISSN 0362-4331
↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. «Poland: Where Keynes meets Jesus | DW | 29.05.2019». DW.COM (em inglês). Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2019
↑ Stiftung, Bertelsmann. «SGI 2016 | Poland | Economic Policies». www.sgi-network.org. Consultado em 30 de novembro de 2017
↑ Traub, James (2 de novembro de 2016). «The Party That Wants to Make Poland Great Again». The New York Times (em inglês). ISSN 0362-4331
↑ Crawford, Charles (26 de outubro de 2015). «Who are Poland's victorious Law and Justice party, and what do they want?» (em inglês). ISSN 0307-1235

[Minkenberg2013-1] Michael Minkenberg (2013). «Between Tradition and Transition: the Central European Radical Right and the New European Order». In: Christina Schori Liang. Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right. [S.l.]: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 261. ISBN 978-1-4094-9825-4

[Bustikova018-2] Lenka Bustikova (2018). «The Radical Right in Eastern Europe». In: Jens Rydgren. The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. p. 574. ISBN 978-0-19-027455-9

[Szczerbiak2012-3] Aleks Szczerbiak (2012). Poland Within the European Union: New Awkward Partner Or New Heart of Europe?. [S.l.]: Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-415-38073-7

[far-right-4] 
«Poland Bashes Immigrants, but Quietly Takes Christian Ones». New York Times. 26 de março de 2019. The far-right Law and Justice party came to power in 2015, at the height of Europe’s migrant crisis, after running a campaign that inspired choruses of “Poland for Poles.”
«Poland's in crisis again. Here's what you should know about the far right's latest power-grab.». Washington Post. 28 de novembro de 2017. Since taking control of both the presidency and the parliament in November 2015, Poland’s far-right Law and Justice (PiS) party has swiftly changed the rules for public media, the secret service, education, and the military.
«EU's top court shows how to tackle autocrats». Financial Times. 27 de junho de 2019. Poland’s ultra-conservative Law and Justice (PiS) government followed suit last year.
«Why will Poland not take in any Muslims?». Al Jazeera America. 8 de novembro de 2019. Poland's ultra-conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS) won a second term in office last month, a victory that critics fear will accelerate the country's slide towards authoritarianism.
«Poland's Government Is Systematically Silencing Opposition Voices». Foreign Policy. 31 de maio de 2019. Today, it is the main voice holding the ruling far-right Law and Justice (PiS) party accountable, while facing constant attacks from that government.
«How Poland uses foreign lobbyists to fight PR wars and influence U.S. policy». Center for Responsive Politics. 19 de fevereiro de 2019. Since the 2015 election of the far-right Law and Justice party in Poland, the country’s history with the Holocaust has become a point of contention with Israel.
«Zack Blumberg: Europe's far right movements come on strong, but what next?». The Michigan Daily. 11 de abril de 2019. In the 2015 Polish parliamentary election, the far-right Law and Justice Party, or PiS, won with an outright majority (meaning they did not need to form a coalition to govern), something that had not been done in Poland since the fall of communism in 1989.
«Revealed: dozens of European politicians linked to US 'incubator for extremism'». Open Democracy. 27 de março de 2019. He had then recently left the far right Law and Justice (PiS) party over its failure to push through a constitutional amendment that would have banned abortion in all cases.
«What to Make of the European Elections». The Atlantic. 30 de maio de 2019. In Poland, the far-right Law and Justice bested a broad alliance of moderate politicians.

[5] «Poland Bashes Immigrants, but Quietly Takes Christian Ones». New York Times. 26 de março de 2019. The far-right Law and Justice party came to power in 2015, at the height of Europe’s migrant crisis, after running a campaign that inspired choruses of “Poland for Poles.”

[6] «Poland's in crisis again. Here's what you should know about the far right's latest power-grab.». Washington Post. 28 de novembro de 2017. Since taking control of both the presidency and the parliament in November 2015, Poland’s far-right Law and Justice (PiS) party has swiftly changed the rules for public media, the secret service, education, and the military.

[7] «EU's top court shows how to tackle autocrats». Financial Times. 27 de junho de 2019. Poland’s ultra-conservative Law and Justice (PiS) government followed suit last year.

[8] «Why will Poland not take in any Muslims?». Al Jazeera America. 8 de novembro de 2019. Poland's ultra-conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS) won a second term in office last month, a victory that critics fear will accelerate the country's slide towards authoritarianism.

[9] «Poland's Government Is Systematically Silencing Opposition Voices». Foreign Policy. 31 de maio de 2019. Today, it is the main voice holding the ruling far-right Law and Justice (PiS) party accountable, while facing constant attacks from that government.

[10] «How Poland uses foreign lobbyists to fight PR wars and influence U.S. policy». Center for Responsive Politics. 19 de fevereiro de 2019. Since the 2015 election of the far-right Law and Justice party in Poland, the country’s history with the Holocaust has become a point of contention with Israel.

[11] «Zack Blumberg: Europe's far right movements come on strong, but what next?». The Michigan Daily. 11 de abril de 2019. In the 2015 Polish parliamentary election, the far-right Law and Justice Party, or PiS, won with an outright majority (meaning they did not need to form a coalition to govern), something that had not been done in Poland since the fall of communism in 1989.

[12] «Revealed: dozens of European politicians linked to US 'incubator for extremism'». Open Democracy. 27 de março de 2019. He had then recently left the far right Law and Justice (PiS) party over its failure to push through a constitutional amendment that would have banned abortion in all cases.

[13] «What to Make of the European Elections». The Atlantic. 30 de maio de 2019. In Poland, the far-right Law and Justice bested a broad alliance of moderate politicians.

[5] Press, The Associated. «www.haaretz.com/misc/haaretzcomsmartphoneapp/1.721292». www.haaretz.com (em inglês). Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2017

[6] Gwiazda, Anna (24 de julho de 2015). Democracy in Poland: Representation, Participation, Competition and Accountability Since 1989 (em inglês). [S.l.]: Routledge. ISBN 9781317396215

[7] «A conservative enigma». The Economist (em inglês)

[8] Nordsieck, Wolfram. «Parties and Elections in Europe». parties-and-elections.eu. Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2017

[9] Hierlemann, Dominik (27 de fevereiro de 2015). Lobbying der katholischen Kirche: Das Einflussnetz des Klerus in Polen (em alemão). [S.l.]: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 9783322807557

[10] Traynor, Ian; editor, Europe (22 de outubro de 2007). «Opposition triumph in Polish election». The Guardian (em inglês). ISSN 0261-3077

[11] Kulish, Nicholas; Barry, Ellen; Piotrowski, Michal (10 de abril de 2010). «Polish President Dies in Jet Crash in Russia». The New York Times (em inglês). ISSN 0362-4331

[12] Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. «Poland: Where Keynes meets Jesus | DW | 29.05.2019». DW.COM (em inglês). Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2019

[13] Stiftung, Bertelsmann. «SGI 2016 | Poland | Economic Policies». www.sgi-network.org. Consultado em 30 de novembro de 2017

[14] Traub, James (2 de novembro de 2016). «The Party That Wants to Make Poland Great Again». The New York Times (em inglês). ISSN 0362-4331

[15] Crawford, Charles (26 de outubro de 2015). «Who are Poland's victorious Law and Justice party, and what do they want?» (em inglês). ISSN 0307-1235

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