Arno Allan Penzias
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Arno Allan Penzias (Munique, 26 de Abril de 1933) é um físico estadunidense.
Foi laureado com o Nobel de Física de 1978, pela descoberta da radiação cósmica de fundo em microondas juntamente com Robert Woodrow Wilson. A experiência de Penzias e Wilson confirmou a teoria do universo inflacionário (vulgarmente conhecida como Big Bang), proposta por Georges Lemaitre e George Gamow, em décadas anteriores.
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Nobel de Física (1901 — 2011) |
| 1901 — 1925 |
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen • Hendrik Lorentz e Pieter Zeeman • Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie e Marie Curie • John William Strutt • Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard • Joseph John Thomson • Albert Abraham Michelson • Gabriel Lippmann • Guglielmo Marconi e Karl Ferdinand Braun • Johannes Diderik van der Waals • Wilhelm Wien • Nils Gustaf Dalén • Heike Kamerlingh Onnes • Max von Laue • William Henry Bragg e William Lawrence Bragg • Charles Glover Barkla • Max Planck • Johannes Stark • Charles Edouard Guillaume • Albert Einstein • Niels Bohr • Robert Andrews Millikan • Karl Siegbahn • James Franck e Gustav Ludwig Hertz
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| 1926 — 1950 |
Jean Baptiste Perrin • Arthur Holly Compton e Charles Thomson Rees Wilson • Owen Willans Richardson • Louis de Broglie • Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman • Werner Karl Heisenberg • Erwin Schrödinger e Paul Dirac • James Chadwick • Victor Franz Hess e Carl David Anderson • Clinton Davisson e George Paget Thomson • Enrico Fermi • Ernest Orlando Lawrence • Otto Stern • Isidor Isaac Rabi • Wolfgang Pauli • Percy Williams Bridgman • Edward Victor Appleton • Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett • Hideki Yukawa • Cecil Frank Powell
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| 1951 — 1975 |
John Douglas Cockcroft e Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton • Felix Bloch e Edward Mills Purcell • Frits Zernike • Max Born e Walther Bothe • Willis Eugene Lamb e Polykarp Kusch • William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen e Walter Houser Brattain • Chen Ning Yang e Tsung-Dao Lee • Pavel Cherenkov, Illia Mikhailovich Frank e Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm • Emilio Gino Segrè e Owen Chamberlain • Donald Arthur Glaser • Robert Hofstadter e Rudolf Mössbauer • Lev Landau • Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer e J. Hans D. Jensen • Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Basov e Aleksandr Prokhorov • Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger e Richard Feynman • Alfred Kastler • Hans Bethe • Luis Walter Alvarez • Murray Gell-Mann • Hannes Alfvén e Louis Eugène Félix Néel • Dennis Gabor • John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper e John Robert Schrieffer • Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever e Brian David Josephson • Martin Ryle e Antony Hewish • Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson e Leo James Rainwater
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| 1976 — 2000 |
Burton Richter e Samuel Chao Chung Ting • Philip Warren Anderson, Nevill Francis Mott e John Hasbrouck Van Vleck • Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias e Robert Woodrow Wilson • Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam e Steven Weinberg • James Watson Cronin e Val Logsdon Fitch • Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schawlow e Kai Siegbahn • Kenneth G. Wilson • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar e William Alfred Fowler • Carlo Rubbia e Simon van der Meer • Klaus von Klitzing • Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig e Heinrich Rohrer • Johannes Georg Bednorz e Karl Alexander Müller • Leon Max Lederman, Melvin Schwartz e Jack Steinberger • Norman Foster Ramsey, Hans Georg Dehmelt e Wolfgang Paul • Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall e Richard Edward Taylor • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes • Georges Charpak • Russell Alan Hulse e Joseph Hooton Taylor • Bertram Neville Brockhouse e Clifford Glenwood Shull • Martin Lewis Perl e Frederick Reines • David Morris Lee, Douglas Dean Osheroff e Robert Coleman Richardson • Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji e William Daniel Phillips • Robert Betts Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer e Daniel Chee Tsui • Gerardus 't Hooft e Martinus J. G. Veltman • Zhores Alferov, Herbert Kroemer e Jack Kilby
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| 2001 — 2010 |
Eric Allin Cornell, Carl Wieman e Wolfgang Ketterle • Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba e Riccardo Giacconi • Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg e Anthony Leggett • David Gross, Hugh David Politzer e Frank Wilczek • Roy Glauber, John Lewis Hall e Theodor Hänsch • John Mather e George Fitzgerald Smoot III • Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg • Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi e Toshihide Masukawa • Charles Kao, Willard Boyle e George Smith • Andre Geim e Konstantin Novoselov • Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess e Brian Schmidt
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Estadunidense
Estados Unidos
Nobel de Física (1978)
