Charles Hard Townes

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Charles Hard Townes
Física
Estátua de Charles Hard Townes em Greenville

Nacionalidade	Estadunidense
Residência	Estados Unidos

Nascimento	28 de Julho de 1915 (97 anos)
Local	Greenville

Actividade
Campo(s)	Física
Instituições	Bell Labs, Universidade Columbia, Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts, Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley
Alma mater	Universidade Furman, Universidade Duke, Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia

Orientador(es)	William Smythe
Orientado(s)	Ali Javan, Raymond Chiao
Conhecido(a) por	Inventor do Maser e do Laser

Prêmio(s)	Prêmio Comstock de Física (1958), Prêmio John J. Carty (1961), Nobel de Física (1964), Medalha de Honra IEEE (1967), National Inventors Hall of Fame (1976), Medalha Nacional de Ciências (1982), Medalha de Ouro Lomonossov (2000), Medalha Karl Schwarzschild (2002), Prêmio Templeton (2005), Prêmio Vannevar Bush (2006)

Notas	Membro da Pontifícia Academia das Ciências

ver

Charles Hard Townes (Greenville, 28 de Julho de 1915) é um físico estadunidense.

Foi Nobel de Física em 1964, por trabalhos fundamentais no campo da eletrônica quântica, conduzindo à construção de osciladores e amplificadores baseados no princípio dos maser e laser.

Ligações externas [editar]

Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Física 1964 (em inglês)

Precedido por Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer e J. Hans D. Jensen	Nobel de Física 1964 com Nicolay Basov e Aleksandr Prokhorov	Sucedido por Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger e Richard Feynman
Precedido por Claude Shannon	Medalha de Honra IEEE 1967	Sucedido por Gordon Kidd Teal

v • e Nobel de Física (1901 — 2012)
1901 — 1925	Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen • Hendrik Lorentz e Pieter Zeeman • Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie e Marie Curie • John William Strutt • Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard • Joseph John Thomson • Albert Abraham Michelson • Gabriel Lippmann • Guglielmo Marconi e Karl Ferdinand Braun • Johannes Diderik van der Waals • Wilhelm Wien • Nils Gustaf Dalén • Heike Kamerlingh Onnes • Max von Laue • William Henry Bragg e William Lawrence Bragg • Charles Glover Barkla • Max Planck • Johannes Stark • Charles Edouard Guillaume • Albert Einstein • Niels Bohr • Robert Andrews Millikan • Karl Siegbahn • James Franck e Gustav Ludwig Hertz
1926 — 1950	Jean Baptiste Perrin • Arthur Holly Compton e Charles Thomson Rees Wilson • Owen Willans Richardson • Louis de Broglie • Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman • Werner Karl Heisenberg • Erwin Schrödinger e Paul Dirac • James Chadwick • Victor Franz Hess e Carl David Anderson • Clinton Davisson e George Paget Thomson • Enrico Fermi • Ernest Orlando Lawrence • Otto Stern • Isidor Isaac Rabi • Wolfgang Pauli • Percy Williams Bridgman • Edward Victor Appleton • Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett • Hideki Yukawa • Cecil Frank Powell
1951 — 1975	John Douglas Cockcroft e Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton • Felix Bloch e Edward Mills Purcell • Frits Zernike • Max Born e Walther Bothe • Willis Eugene Lamb e Polykarp Kusch • William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen e Walter Houser Brattain • Chen Ning Yang e Tsung-Dao Lee • Pavel Cherenkov, Illia Mikhailovich Frank e Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm • Emilio Gino Segrè e Owen Chamberlain • Donald Arthur Glaser • Robert Hofstadter e Rudolf Mössbauer • Lev Landau • Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer e J. Hans D. Jensen • Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Basov e Aleksandr Prokhorov • Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger e Richard Feynman • Alfred Kastler • Hans Bethe • Luis Walter Alvarez • Murray Gell-Mann • Hannes Alfvén e Louis Eugène Félix Néel • Dennis Gabor • John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper e John Robert Schrieffer • Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever e Brian David Josephson • Martin Ryle e Antony Hewish • Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson e Leo James Rainwater
1976 — 2000	Burton Richter e Samuel Chao Chung Ting • Philip Warren Anderson, Nevill Francis Mott e John Hasbrouck Van Vleck • Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias e Robert Woodrow Wilson • Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam e Steven Weinberg • James Watson Cronin e Val Logsdon Fitch • Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schawlow e Kai Siegbahn • Kenneth G. Wilson • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar e William Alfred Fowler • Carlo Rubbia e Simon van der Meer • Klaus von Klitzing • Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig e Heinrich Rohrer • Johannes Georg Bednorz e Karl Alexander Müller • Leon Max Lederman, Melvin Schwartz e Jack Steinberger • Norman Foster Ramsey, Hans Georg Dehmelt e Wolfgang Paul • Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall e Richard Edward Taylor • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes • Georges Charpak • Russell Alan Hulse e Joseph Hooton Taylor • Bertram Neville Brockhouse e Clifford Glenwood Shull • Martin Lewis Perl e Frederick Reines • David Morris Lee, Douglas Dean Osheroff e Robert Coleman Richardson • Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji e William Daniel Phillips • Robert Betts Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer e Daniel Chee Tsui • Gerardus 't Hooft e Martinus J. G. Veltman • Zhores Alferov, Herbert Kroemer e Jack Kilby
2001 — 2012	Eric Allin Cornell, Carl Wieman e Wolfgang Ketterle • Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba e Riccardo Giacconi • Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg e Anthony Leggett • David Gross, Hugh David Politzer e Frank Wilczek • Roy Glauber, John Lewis Hall e Theodor Hänsch • John Mather e George Fitzgerald Smoot III • Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg • Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi e Toshihide Masukawa • Charles Kao, Willard Boyle e George Smith • Andre Geim e Konstantin Novoselov • Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess e Brian Schmidt • Serge Haroche e David Wineland

v • e Medalha de Honra IEEE
1917–1925	1917: Edwin Armstrong · 1919: Ernst Alexanderson · 1920: Guglielmo Marconi · 1921: Reginald Fessenden · 1922: Lee De Forest · 1923: John Stone Stone · 1924: Michael Pupin
1926–1950	1926: Greenleaf Whittier Pickard · 1927: Louis Winslow Austin · 1928: Jonathan Zenneck · 1929: George Washington Pierce · 1930: Peder Oluf Pedersen · 1931: Gustave-Auguste Ferrié · 1932: Arthur Edwin Kennelly · 1933: John Ambrose Fleming · 1934: Stanford Caldwell Hooper · 1935: Balthasar van der Pol · 1936: George Ashley Campbell · 1937: Melville Eastham · 1938: John Howard Dellinger · 1939: Albert G. Lee · 1940: Lloyd Espenschied · 1941: Alfred Norton Goldsmith · 1942: Albert Hoyt Taylor · 1943: William Wilson · 1944: Haraden Pratt · 1945: Harold Henry Beverage · 1946: Ralph Hartley · 1948: Lawrence Christopher Frank Horle · 1949: Ralph Bown · 1950: Frederick Terman
1951–1975	1951: Vladimir Zworykin · 1952: Walter Ransom Gail Baker · 1953: John Milton Miller · 1954: William Littell Everitt · 1955: Harald Trap Friis · 1956: John Vincent Lawless Hogan · 1957: Julius Adams Stratton · 1958: Albert Hull · 1959: Emory Leon Chaffee · 1960: Harry Nyquist · 1961: Ernst Guillemin · 1962: Edward Appleton · 1963: George Clark Southworth · 1964: Harold Alden Wheeler · 1966: Claude Shannon · 1967: Charles Hard Townes · 1968: Gordon Kidd Teal · 1969: Edward Ginzton · 1970: Dennis Gabor · 1971: John Bardeen · 1972: Jay Wright Forrester · 1973: Rudolf Kompfner · 1974: Rudolf Kalman · 1975: John Robinson Pierce
1976–2000	1977: Henry Earle Vaughan · 1978: Robert Noyce · 1979: Richard Bellman · 1980: William Bradford Shockley · 1981: Sidney Darlington · 1982: John Tukey · 1983: Nicolaas Bloembergen · 1984: Norman Foster Ramsey · 1985: John Roy Whinnery · 1986: Jack Kilby · 1987: Paul Christian Lauterbur · 1988: Calvin Quate · 1989: Chandra Kumar Patel · 1990: Robert Gray Gallager · 1991: Leo Esaki · 1992: Amos Edward Joel · 1993: Karl Johan Åström · 1994: Alfred Yi Cho · 1995: Lotfali Askar-Zadeh · 1996: Robert Metcalfe · 1997: George Heilmeier · 1998: Donald Pederson · 1999: Charles Concordia · 2000: Andrew Grove
2001–atualidade	2001: Herwig Kogelnik · 2002: Herbert Kroemer · 2003: Nick Holonyak · 2004: Tadahiro Sekimoto · 2005: James Flanagan · 2006: James Meindl · 2007: Thomas Kailath · 2008: Gordon Moore · 2009: Robert Heath Dennard · 2010: Andrew Viterbi · 2011: Morris Chang · 2012: John LeRoy Hennessy

Medalha Nacional de Ciências

Ciência do Comportamento e Social

Década de 1960	1964: Roger Adams, Othmar Ammann, Theodosius Dobzhansky e Neal Elgar Miller
Década de 1980	1986: Herbert Simon · 1987: Anne Anastasi e George Joseph Stigler · 1988: Milton Friedman
Década de 1990	1990: Leonid Hurwicz e Patrick Suppes · 1991: Robert Kates e George Armitage Miller · 1992: Eleanor J. Gibson · 1994: Robert K. Merton · 1995: Roger Shepard · 1996: Paul Samuelson · 1997: William Kaye Estes · 1998: William Julius Wilson · 1999: Robert Solow
Década de 2000	2000: Gary Becker · 2001: George Bass · 2003: R. Duncan Luce · 2004: Kenneth Arrow · 2005: Gordon H. Bower · 2008: Michael Posner · 2009: Mortimer Mishkin
Década de 2010	2011: Anne Treisman

Ciências Biológicas

Década de 1960	1963: Cornelis Bernardus van Niel · 1964: Marshall Nirenberg · 1965: Francis Rous, George Gaylord Simpson e Donald Van Slyke · 1966: Edward Fred Knipling, Fritz Albert Lipmann, William Cumming Rose e Sewall Wright · 1967: Kenneth Stewart Cole, Harry Harlow, Michael Heidelberger e Alfred Sturtevant · 1968: Horace Barker, Bernard Brodie, Detlev Bronk, Jay Lush e Burrhus Frederic Skinner · 1969: Robert Huebner, Ernst Mayr
Década de 1970	1970: Barbara McClintock e Albert Sabin · 1973: Daniel Arnon e Earl Sutherland · 1974: Britton Chance, Erwin Chargaff, James V. Neel e James Augustine Hannon · 1975: Hallowell Davis, Paul Gyorgy, Sterling Brown Hendricks e Orville Vogel · 1976: Roger Guillemin, Keith Roberts Porter, Efraim Racker e Edward Osborne Wilson · 1979: Robert H. Burris, Elizabeth C. Crosby, Arthur Kornberg, Severo Ochoa, Earl Reece Stadtman, George Ledyard Stebbins e Paul Alfred Weiss
Década de 1980	1981: Philip Handler · 1982: Seymour Benzer, Glenn W. Burton e Mildred Cohn · 1983: Howard L. Bachrach, Paul Berg, Wendell L. Roelofs e Berta Scharrer · 1986: Stanley Cohen, Donald Henderson, Vernon Mountcastle, George Palade e Joan A. Steitz · 1987: Michael E. Debakey, Theodor Otto Diener, Harry Eagle, Har Khorana e Rita Levi-Montalcini · 1988: Michael Stuart Brown, Stanley Norman Cohen, Joseph Goldstein, Maurice Hilleman, Eric Kandel e Rosalyn Yalow · 1989: Katherine Esau, Viktor Hamburger, Philip Leder, Joshua Lederberg, Roger Sperry e Harland G. Wood
Década de 1990	1990: Baruj Benacerraf, Herbert Boyer, Daniel Koshland, Edward Lewis, David G. Nathan e Edward Donnall Thomas · 1991: Mary Ellen Avery, G. Evelyn Hutchinson, Elvin A. Kabat, Salvador Luria, Paul A. Marks, Folke K Skoog e Paul C. Zamecnik · 1992: Maxine Singer e Howard Martin Temin · 1993: Daniel Nathans e Salome G. Waelsch · 1994: Thomas Eisner e Elizabeth F. Neufeld · 1995: Alexander Rich · 1996: Ruth Patrick · 1997: James Watson e Robert Allan Weinberg · 1998: Bruce Ames e Janet Rowley · 1999: David Baltimore, Jared Diamond e Lynn Margulis
Década de 2000	2000: Nancy C. Andreasen, Peter H. Raven e Carl Woese · 2001: Francisco José Ayala, Mario R. Capecchi, Ann M. Graybiel, Gene Likens, Victor A. McKusick e Harold Varmus · 2002: James E. Darnell e Evelyn M. Witkin · 2003: John Michael Bishop, Solomon H. Snyder e Charles Yanofsky · 2004: Norman Ernest Borlaug, Phillip Allen Sharp e Thomas Starzl · 2005: Anthony Fauci e Torsten Wiesel · 2006: Rita R. Colwell, Nina Fedoroff e Lubert Stryer · 2007: Robert Lefkowitz e Bert W. O'Malley 2008: Francis Collins, Elaine Fuchs, Craig Venter 2009: Susan Lindquist, Stanley Prusiner
Década de 2010	2010: Ralph Brinster, Shu Chien, Rudolf Jaenisch · 2011: Lucy Shapiro, Leroy Hood, Sallie Chisholm

Química

Década de 1980	1982: Frank Albert Cotton e Gilbert Stork · 1983: Roald Hoffmann, George Claude Pimentel e Richard Zare · 1986: Harry Barkus Gray, Yuan Lee, Carl Shipp Marvel e Frank Westheimer · 1987: William Summer Johnson, Walter Hugo Stockmayer e Max Tishler · 1988: William Oliver Baker, Konrad Bloch e Elias James Corey · 1989: Richard Barry Bernstein, Melvin Calvin, Rudolph Arthur Marcus e Harden McConnell
Década de 1990	1990: Elkan Blout, Karl August Folkers e John D. Roberts · 1991: Ronald Breslow, Gertrude Elion, Dudley Robert Herschbach e Glenn Theodore Seaborg · 1992: Howard Ensign Simmons · 1993: Donald James Cram e Norman Hackerman · 1994: George Simms Hammond · 1995: Thomas Cech e Isabella Karle · 1996: Norman Davidson · 1997: Darleane Hoffman e Harold S. Johnston · 1998: John Werner Cahn e George Whitesides · 1999: Stuart Alan Rice, John Ross e Susan Solomon
Década de 2000	2000: John Baldeschwieler e Ralph Hirschmann · 2001: Ernest Roy Davidson e Gábor Somorjai · 2002: John Brauman · 2004: Stephen Lippard · 2006: Marvin Caruthers e Peter Dervan · 2007: Mostafa El-Sayed · 2008: Joanna Fowler e JoAnne Stubbe · 2009: Stephen James Benkovic e Marye Anne Fox
Década de 2010	2010: Jacqueline Barton e Peter John Stang · 2011: Allen Joseph Bard e Frederick Hawthorne

Ciências da Engenharia

Década de 1960	1962: Theodore von Kármán · 1963: Vannevar Bush e John Robinson Pierce · 1964: Charles Stark Draper · 1965: Hugh Latimer Dryden, Clarence Johnson e Warren Lewis · 1966: Claude Shannon · 1967: Edwin Land e Igor Sikorsky · 1968: John Presper Eckert e Nathan M. Newmark · 1969: Jack Kilby
Década de 1970	1970: George Mueller · 1973: Harold Eugene Edgerton e Richard Whitcomb · 1974: Rudolf Kompfner, Ralph Brazelton Peck e Abel Wolman · 1975: Manson Benedict, William Hayward Pickering, Frederick Terman e Wernher von Braun · 1976: Morris Cohen, Peter Carl Goldmark e Erwin Wilhelm Müller · 1979: Emmett Leith, Raymond Mindlin, Robert Noyce, Earl Randall Parker e Simon Ramo
Década de 1980	1982: Edward Heinemann e Donald Katz · 1983: Bill Hewlett, George Low e John George Trump · 1986: Hans Wolfgang Liepmann, Tung-Yen Lin e Bernard Oliver · 1987: Robert Byron Bird, Harry Bolton Seed e Ernst Weber · 1988: Daniel Drucker, Willis Hawkins e George W. Housner · 1989: Harry George Drickamer e Herbert Earl Grier
Década de 1990	1990: Mildred Dresselhaus e Nick Holonyak · 1991: George Heilmeier, Luna Leopold e Guyford Stever · 1992: Calvin Quate e John Roy Whinnery · 1993: Alfred Yi Cho · 1994: Ray Clough · 1995: Hermann Anton Haus · 1996: James Flanagan e Chandra Kumar Patel · 1998: Eli Ruckenstein · 1999: Kenneth N. Stevens
Década de 2000	2000: Yuan-Cheng Fung · 2001: Andreas Acrivos · 2002: Leo Beranek · 2003: John Prausnitz · 2004: Edwin Lightfoot · 2005: Jan Achenbach e Tobin Marks · 2006: Robert Langer · 2007: David Wineland · 2008: Rudolf Kalman · 2009: Amnon Yariv

Ciências Matemáticas, Estatísticas e Computacionais

Década de 1960	1963: Norbert Wiener · 1964: Solomon Lefschetz e Marston Morse · 1965: Oscar Zariski · 1966: John Milnor · 1967: Paul Cohen · 1968: Jerzy Neyman · 1969: William Feller
Década de 1970	1970: Richard Brauer · 1973: John Tukey · 1974: Kurt Gödel · 1975: John Backus, Shiing-Shen Chern e George Dantzig · 1976: Kurt Otto Friedrichs e Hassler Whitney · 1979: Joseph Leo Doob e Donald Knuth
Década de 1980	1982: Marshall Harvey Stone · 1983: Herman Goldstine e Isadore Singer · 1986: Peter Lax e Antoni Zygmund · 1987: Raoul Bott e Michael Freedman · 1988: Ralph Gomory e Joseph Keller · 1989: Samuel Karlin, Saunders Mac Lane e Donald Spencer
Década de 1990	1990: George Carrier, Stephen Kleene e John McCarthy · 1991: Alberto Calderón · 1992: Allen Newell · 1993: Martin Kruskal · 1994: John Cocke · 1995: Louis Nirenberg · 1996: Richard Karp e Stephen Smale · 1997: Shing-Tung Yau · 1998: Cathleen Synge Morawetz · 1999: Felix Browder e Ronald Coifman
Década de 2000	2000: John Griggs Thompson e Karen Uhlenbeck · 2001: Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao e Elias Stein · 2002: James Glimm · 2003: Carl de Boor · 2004: Dennis Sullivan · 2005: Bradley Efron · 2006: Hyman Bass · 2007: Leonard Kleinrock e Andrew Viterbi 2009: David Mumford
Década de 2010	2010: Richard Alfred Tapia e S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan 2011: Solomon Wolf Golomb e Barry Mazur

Ciências Físicas

Década de 1960	1963: Luis Walter Alvarez · 1964: Julian Schwinger, Harold Clayton Urey e Robert Burns Woodward · 1965: John Bardeen, Peter Debye, Leon Max Lederman e William Walden Rubey · 1966: Jacob Bjerknes, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Henry Eyring, John Hasbrouck Van Vleck e Vladimir Zworykin · 1967: Jesse Beams, Francis Birch, Gregory Breit · Louis Plack Hammett e George Kistiakowsky · 1968: Paul Doughty Bartlett, Herbert Friedman, Lars Onsager e Eugene Paul Wigner · 1969: Herbert Charles Brown e Wolfgang Panofsky
Década de 1970	1970: Robert Henry Dicke, Allan Rex Sandage, John Clarke Slater, John Archibald Wheeler e Saul Winstein · 1973: Carl Djerassi, William Maurice Ewing, Arie Jan Haagen-Smit, Vladimir Haensel, Frederick Seitz e Robert Rathbun Wilson · 1974: Nicolaas Bloembergen, Paul John Flory, William Alfred Fowler, Linus Pauling e Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer · 1975: Hans Bethe, Joseph Hirschfelder, Lewis Hastings Sarett, Edgar Bright Wilson e Chien-Shiung Wu · 1976: Samuel Abraham Goudsmit, Herbert S. Gutowsky, Frederick Rossini, Verner Suomi, Henry Taube e George Eugene Uhlenbeck · 1979: Richard Feynman, Hermann Mark, Edward Mills Purcell, John Sinfelt, Lyman Spitzer e Victor Weisskopf
Década de 1980	1982: Philip Warren Anderson, Yoichiro Nambu, Edward Teller e Charles Hard Townes · 1983: Margaret Burbidge, Maurice Goldhaber, Helmut Landsberg, Walter Munk, Frederick Reines, Bruno Rossi e John Robert Schrieffer · 1986: Solomon Buchsbaum, Horace Crane, Herman Feshbach, Robert Hofstadter e Chen Ning Yang · 1987: Philip Abelson, Walter Elsasser, Paul Christian Lauterbur, George Pake e James van Allen · 1988: David Allan Bromley, Chu Ching-wu, Walter Kohn, Norman Foster Ramsey, Jack Steinberger · 1989: Arnold Orville Beckman, Eugene Parker, Robert Sharp e Henry Stommel
Década de 1990	1990: Allan Cormack, Edwin Mattison McMillan, Robert Pound e Roger Revelle · 1991: Arthur Schawlow, Ed Stone e Steven Weinberg · 1992: Eugene Shoemaker · 1993: Val Logsdon Fitch e Vera Rubin · 1994: Albert Overhauser e Frank Press · 1995: Hans Georg Dehmelt e Peter Goldreich · 1996: Wallace Smith Broecker · 1997: Marshall Rosenbluth, Martin Schwarzschild e George Wetherill · 1998: Don Lorraine Anderson e John Norris Bahcall · 1999: James Watson Cronin e Leo Kadanoff
Década de 2000	2000: Willis Eugene Lamb, Jeremiah Paul Ostriker e Gilbert Fowler White · 2001: Marvin Cohen, Raymond Davis Jr. e Charles Keeling · 2002: Richard Garwin, William Jason Morgan e Edward Witten · 2003: Brent Dalrymple, Riccardo Giacconi · 2004: Robert N. Clayton · 2005: Ralph Alpher e Lonnie Thompson · 2006: Daniel Kleppner · 2007: Fay Ajzenberg-Selove e Charles Pence Slichter · 2008: Berni Alder e James Gunn · 2009: Yakir Aharonov, Esther Marley Conwell e Warren Washington
Década de 2010	2011: Sidney Drell, Sandra Faber, Sylvester James Gates e John Goodenough

Prêmio Vannevar Bush

1980: James Rhyne Killian 1981: William Oliver Baker 1982: Lee Alvin DuBridge 1983: Frederick Seitz 1984: Roger Revelle 1985: Hans Bethe 1986: Isidor Isaac Rabi 1987: David Packard 1988: Glenn Theodore Seaborg 1989: Linus Pauling 1991: James van Allen 1992: Jerome Wiesner 1993: Norman Hackerman 1994: Frank Press 1995: Norman Foster Ramsey 1996: Philip Abelson 1997: Guyford Stever 1998: Robert Michael White 1999: Maxine Singer 2000: Herbert York e Norman Ernest Borlaug 2001: Harold Varmus e Lewis Branscomb 2002: Erich Bloch 2003: Richard Atkinson 2004: Mary Lowe Good 2005: Bob Galvin 2006: Charles Hard Townes e Raj Reddy 2007: Shirley Ann Jackson 2008: Norman Ralph Augustine 2009: Mildred Dresselhaus 2010: Bruce M. Alberts

Pessoa do Ano segundo a Revista Time

1927–1950

Charles Lindbergh (1927) · Walter Chrysler (1928) · Owen Young (1929) · Mahatma Gandhi (1930) · Pierre Laval (1931) · Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1932) · Hugh Samuel Johnson (1933) · Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1934) · Haile Selassie (1935) · Wallis Simpson (1936) · Chiang Kai-shek / Soong May-ling (1937) · Adolf Hitler (1938) · Josef Stalin (1939) · Winston Churchill (1940) · Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1941) · Josef Stalin (1942) · George Marshall (1943) · Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944) · Harry S. Truman (1945) · James F. Byrnes (1946) · George Marshall (1947) · Harry S. Truman (1948) · Winston Churchill (1949) · Forças Armadas dos Estados Unidos (1950)

1951–1975

Mohammed Mossadegh (1951) · Elizabeth II (1952) · Konrad Adenauer (1953) · John Foster Dulles (1954) · Harlow Curtice (1955) · Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956) · Nikita Khrushchev (1957) · Charles de Gaulle (1958) · Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959) · U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Bradford Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960) · John F. Kennedy (1961) · Papa João XXIII (1962) · Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963) · Lyndon B. Johnson (1964) · William Westmoreland (1965) · The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966) · Lyndon B. Johnson (1967) · The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / James Lovell (1968) · The Middle Americans (1969) · Willy Brandt (1970) · Richard Nixon (1971) · Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972) · John Sirica (1973) · King Faisal (1974) · American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Carol Sutton / Susie Sharp / Addie Wyatt (1975)

1976–2000

Jimmy Carter (1976) · Anwar Sadat (1977) · Deng Xiaoping (1978) · Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) · Ronald Reagan (1980) · Lech Wałęsa (1981) · The Computer (1982) · Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983) · Peter Ueberroth (1984) · Deng Xiaoping (1985) · Corazon Aquino (1986) · Mikhail Gorbachev (1987) · The Endangered Earth (1988) · Mikhail Gorbachev (1989) · George H. W. Bush (1990) · Ted Turner (1991) · Bill Clinton (1992) · The Peacemakers: Yasser Arafat / F.W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993) · Papa João Paulo II (1994) · Newt Gingrich (1995) · David Ho (1996) · Andrew Grove (1997) · Bill Clinton / Kenneth Starr (1998) · Jeff Bezos (1999) · George W. Bush (2000)

2001–presente

Rudolph Giuliani (2001) · The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002) · The American Soldier (2003) · George W. Bush (2004) · The Good Samaritans: Bono Vox / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005) · Você (2006) · Vladimir Putin (2007) · Barack Obama (2008) · Ben Bernanke (2009) · Mark Zuckerberg (2010) · O Manifestante (2011)