Leon Max Lederman
Leon Max Lederman  |
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| Física | |
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| Nacionalidade |  Estadunidense |
| Nascimento | 15 de Julho de 1922 (90 anos) |
| Local | Buffalo |
| Actividade | |
| Campo(s) | Física |
| Instituições | Fermilab |
| Alma mater | City College of New York, Universidade Columbia |
| Conhecido(a) por | Quark Bottom |
| Prêmio(s) | Medalha Nacional de Ciências (1965), Medalha Elliott Cresson (1976), Prêmio Wolf de Física (1982),  Nobel de Física (1988), Prêmio Enrico Fermi (1992) |
Leon Max Lederman (Buffalo, 15 de Julho de 1922) é um físico estadunidense.
Recebeu o Nobel de Física de 1988 - conjuntamente com Jack Steinberger e Melvin Schwartz - pelo método do feixe de neutrinos, descoberta do muon neutrino e demonstração dos leptons dobrados.
Publicações [editar]
- The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? by Leon M. Lederman, Dick Teresi (ISBN 0-385-31211-3)
- From Quarks to the Cosmos by Leon Lederman and David Schramm (ISBN 0-7167-6012-6)
- Portraits of Great American Scientists Leon M. Lederman, et al. (ISBN 1-57392-932-8)
- Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe Leon M. Lederman and Christopher T. Hill (ISBN 1-59102-242-8)
- What We'll Find Inside the Atom by Dr. Leon Lederman is an essay he wrote for the September 15, 2008 issue of Newsweek
- "Quantum Physics for Poets" Leon M. Lederman and Christopher T. Hill (ISBN 978-1616142339)
Ligações externas [editar]
| Precedido por Freeman Dyson, Gerardus 't Hooft e Victor Weisskopf |
Prêmio Wolf de Física 1982 com Martin Lewis Perl |
Sucedido por Erwin Hahn, Peter Hirsch e Theodore Harold Maiman |
| Precedido por Johannes Georg Bednorz e Karl Alexander Müller |
Nobel de Física 1988 com Melvin Schwartz e Jack Steinberger |
Sucedido por Norman Foster Ramsey, Hans Georg Dehmelt e Wolfgang Paul |
| Medalha Elliott Cresson (1875 — 1997) | |||||||||||||||
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| Prêmio Wolf de Física (1978 — 2013) |
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1978: Chien-Shiung Wu • 1979: George Eugene Uhlenbeck, Giuseppe Occhialini • 1980: Michael Fisher, Leo Kadanoff, Kenneth Wilson • 1981: Freeman Dyson, Gerardus 't Hooft, Victor Weisskopf • 1982: Leon Max Lederman, Martin Lewis Perl • 1983/4: Erwin Hahn, Peter Hirsch, Theodore Harold Maiman • 1984/5: Conyers Herring, Philippe Nozières • 1986: Mitchell Feigenbaum, Albert Libchaber • 1987: Herbert Friedman, Bruno Rossi, Riccardo Giacconi • 1988: Roger Penrose, Stephen Hawking • 1990: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, David Thouless • 1991: Maurice Goldhaber, Valentine Telegdi • 1992: Joseph Hooton Taylor • 1993: Benoît Mandelbrot • 1994/5: Vitaly Ginzburg, Yoichiro Nambu • 1996/7: John Archibald Wheeler • 1998: Yakir Aharonov, Michael Berry • 1999: Dan Shechtman • 2000: Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba • 2002/3: Bertrand Halperin, Anthony Leggett • 2004: Robert Brout, François Englert, Peter Higgs • 2005: Daniel Kleppner • 2006/7: Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg • 2010: John Clauser, Alain Aspect, Anton Zeilinger • 2011: Maximilian Haider, Harald Rose, Knut Urban • 2012: Jacob David Bekenstein • 2013: Peter Zoller, Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain |
| Nobel de Física (1901 — 2012) | |
|---|---|
| 1901 — 1925 |
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen • Hendrik Lorentz e Pieter Zeeman • Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie e Marie Curie • John William Strutt • Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard • Joseph John Thomson • Albert Abraham Michelson • Gabriel Lippmann • Guglielmo Marconi e Karl Ferdinand Braun • Johannes Diderik van der Waals • Wilhelm Wien • Nils Gustaf Dalén • Heike Kamerlingh Onnes • Max von Laue • William Henry Bragg e William Lawrence Bragg • Charles Glover Barkla • Max Planck • Johannes Stark • Charles Edouard Guillaume • Albert Einstein • Niels Bohr • Robert Andrews Millikan • Karl Siegbahn • James Franck e Gustav Ludwig Hertz |
| 1926 — 1950 |
Jean Baptiste Perrin • Arthur Holly Compton e Charles Thomson Rees Wilson • Owen Willans Richardson • Louis de Broglie • Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman • Werner Karl Heisenberg • Erwin Schrödinger e Paul Dirac • James Chadwick • Victor Franz Hess e Carl David Anderson • Clinton Davisson e George Paget Thomson • Enrico Fermi • Ernest Orlando Lawrence • Otto Stern • Isidor Isaac Rabi • Wolfgang Pauli • Percy Williams Bridgman • Edward Victor Appleton • Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett • Hideki Yukawa • Cecil Frank Powell |
| 1951 — 1975 |
John Douglas Cockcroft e Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton • Felix Bloch e Edward Mills Purcell • Frits Zernike • Max Born e Walther Bothe • Willis Eugene Lamb e Polykarp Kusch • William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen e Walter Houser Brattain • Chen Ning Yang e Tsung-Dao Lee • Pavel Cherenkov, Illia Mikhailovich Frank e Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm • Emilio Gino Segrè e Owen Chamberlain • Donald Arthur Glaser • Robert Hofstadter e Rudolf Mössbauer • Lev Landau • Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer e J. Hans D. Jensen • Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Basov e Aleksandr Prokhorov • Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger e Richard Feynman • Alfred Kastler • Hans Bethe • Luis Walter Alvarez • Murray Gell-Mann • Hannes Alfvén e Louis Eugène Félix Néel • Dennis Gabor • John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper e John Robert Schrieffer • Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever e Brian David Josephson • Martin Ryle e Antony Hewish • Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson e Leo James Rainwater |
| 1976 — 2000 |
Burton Richter e Samuel Chao Chung Ting • Philip Warren Anderson, Nevill Francis Mott e John Hasbrouck Van Vleck • Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias e Robert Woodrow Wilson • Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam e Steven Weinberg • James Watson Cronin e Val Logsdon Fitch • Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schawlow e Kai Siegbahn • Kenneth G. Wilson • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar e William Alfred Fowler • Carlo Rubbia e Simon van der Meer • Klaus von Klitzing • Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig e Heinrich Rohrer • Johannes Georg Bednorz e Karl Alexander Müller • Leon Max Lederman, Melvin Schwartz e Jack Steinberger • Norman Foster Ramsey, Hans Georg Dehmelt e Wolfgang Paul • Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall e Richard Edward Taylor • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes • Georges Charpak • Russell Alan Hulse e Joseph Hooton Taylor • Bertram Neville Brockhouse e Clifford Glenwood Shull • Martin Lewis Perl e Frederick Reines • David Morris Lee, Douglas Dean Osheroff e Robert Coleman Richardson • Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji e William Daniel Phillips • Robert Betts Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer e Daniel Chee Tsui • Gerardus 't Hooft e Martinus J. G. Veltman • Zhores Alferov, Herbert Kroemer e Jack Kilby |
| 2001 — 2012 |
Eric Allin Cornell, Carl Wieman e Wolfgang Ketterle • Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba e Riccardo Giacconi • Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg e Anthony Leggett • David Gross, Hugh David Politzer e Frank Wilczek • Roy Glauber, John Lewis Hall e Theodor Hänsch • John Mather e George Fitzgerald Smoot III • Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg • Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi e Toshihide Masukawa • Charles Kao, Willard Boyle e George Smith • Andre Geim e Konstantin Novoselov • Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess e Brian Schmidt • Serge Haroche e David Wineland |
| Prêmio Enrico Fermi |
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1956: John von Neumann 1957: Ernest Orlando Lawrence 1958: Eugene Paul Wigner 1959: Glenn Theodore Seaborg 1961: Hans Bethe 1962: Edward Teller 1963: Robert Oppenheimer 1964: Hyman Rickover 1966: Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner e Fritz Straßmann 1968: John Archibald Wheeler 1969: Walter Henry Zinn 1970: Norris Bradbury 1971: Shields Warren e Stafford Warren 1972: Manson Benedict 1976: William L. Russell 1978: Wolfgang Panofsky e Harold Agnew 1980: Rudolf Peierls e Alvin Weinberg 1981: Wilfrid Bennett Lewis 1982: Herbert Anderson e Seth Neddermeyer 1983: Alexander Hollaender e John H. Lawrence 1984: Robert R. Wilson e George Vendryes 1985: Norman Rasmussen e Marshall Rosenbluth 1986: Ernest Courant e M. Stanley Livingston 1987: Luis Walter Alvarez e Gerald F. Tape 1988: Richard B. Setlow e Victor Weisskopf 1990: George Cowan e Robley D. Evans 1992: Harold Brown, John S. Foster e Leon Max Lederman 1993: Liane B. Russell e Freeman Dyson 1995: Ugo Fano e Martin D. Kamen 1996: Mortimer M. Elkind, H. Rodney Withers e Richard Garwin 1998: Maurice Goldhaber e Michael E. Phelps 2000: Sheldon Datz, Sidney Drell e Herbert York 2003: John N. Bahcall, Raymond Davis Jr. e Seymour Sack 2005: Arthur H. Rosenfeld 2009: John Bannister Goodenough e Siegfried Hecker |
| Presidentes da Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência | |
|---|---|
| 1848-1900 |
1848 William Charles Redfield · 1849 Joseph Henry · 1850 Alexander Dallas Bache · 1851 Louis Agassiz · 1852 Benjamin Peirce · 1854 James Dwight Dana · 1855 John Torrey · 1856 James Hall · 1857 Alexis Caswell · 1857 Jacob Whitman Bailey · 1858 Jeffries Wyman · 1859 Stephen Alexander · 1860 Isaac Lea · 1866 Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard · 1867 John Strong Newberry · 1868 Benjamin Apthorp Gould · 1869 John Wells Foster · 1870 Thomas Sterry Hunt · 1870 William Chauvenet · 1871 Asa Gray · 1872 John Lawrence Smith · 1873 Joseph Lovering · 1874 John Lawrence LeConte · 1875 Julius Erasmus Hilgard · 1876 William Barton Rogers · 1877 Simon Newcomb · 1878 Othniel Charles Marsh · 1879 George Frederick Barker · 1880 Lewis Henry Morgan · 1881 George Jarvis Brush · 1882 John William Dawson · 1883 Charles Augustus Young · 1884 John Peter Lesley · 1885 Hubert Anson Newton · 1886 Edward S. Morse · 1887 Samuel Pierpont Langley · 1888 John Wesley Powell · 1889 Thomas Corwin Mendenhall · 1890 George Lincoln Goodale · 1891 Albert Benjamin Prescott · 1892 Joseph LeConte · 1893 William Harkness · 1894 Daniel Garrison Brinton · 1895 Edward Morley · 1896 Theodore Nicholas Gill · 1896 Edward Drinker Cope · 1897 Wolcott Gibbs · 1897 William John McGee · 1898 Frederic Ward Putnam · 1899 Grove Karl Gilbert · 1899 Marcus Benjamin · 1899 Edward Orton, Sr. · 1900 Robert Simpson Woodward |
| 1901-1925 |
1901 Charles Sedgwick Minot · 1902 Ira Remsen · 1902 Asaph Hall · 1903 Carroll Davidson Wright · 1904 William Gilson Farlow · 1905 Calvin Milton Woodward · 1906 William Henry Welch · 1907 Edward Leamington Nichols · 1908 Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin · 1909 David Starr Jordan · 1910 Albert Abraham Michelson · 1911 Charles Bessey · 1912 Edward Charles Pickering · 1913 Edmund Beecher Wilson · 1914 Charles W. Eliot · 1915 William Wallace Campbell · 1916 Charles Richard Van Hise · 1917 Theodore William Richards · 1918 John Merle Coulter · 1919 Simon Flexner · 1920 Leland Ossian Howard · 1921 Eliakim Hastings Moore · 1922 James Playfair McMurrich · 1923 Charles Doolittle Walcott · 1924 James McKeen Cattell · 1925 Michael Pupin |
| 1926-1950 |
1926 Liberty Hyde Bailey · 1927 Arthur Amos Noyes · 1928 Henry Fairfield Osborn · 1929 Robert Andrews Millikan · 1930 Thomas Hunt Morgan · 1931 Franz Boas · 1932 John Jacob Abel · 1933 Henry Norris Russell · 1934 Edward L. Thorndike · 1935 Karl Taylor Compton · 1936 Edwin Conklin · 1937 George David Birkhoff · 1938 Wesley Clair Mitchell · 1939 Walter Bradford Cannon · 1940 Albert Francis Blakeslee · 1941 Irving Langmuir · 1942 Arthur Holly Compton · 1943 Isaiah Bowman · 1944 Anton Julius Carlson · 1945 James Bryant Conant · 1946 Charles Kettering · 1947 Harlow Shapley · 1948 Edmund Ware Sinnott · 1949 Elvin Charles Stakman · 1950 Roger Adams |
| 1951-1975 |
1951 Kirtley Fletcher Mather · 1952 Detlev Bronk · 1953 Edward Condon · 1954 Warren Weaver · 1955 George Beadle · 1956 Paul Sears · 1957 Lawrence Hasbrouck Snyder · 1958 Wallace Reed Brode · 1959 Paul Ernest Klopsteg · 1960 Chauncey Depew Leake · 1961 Thomas Park · 1962 Paul Magnus Gross · 1963 Alan Tower Waterman · 1964 Laurence M. Gould · 1965 Henry Eyring · 1966 Alfred Sherwood Romer · 1967 Don Krasher Price · 1968 Walter Orr Roberts · 1969 Bentley Glass · 1970 Athelstan Spilhaus · 1971 Mina Rees · 1972 Glenn Theodore Seaborg · 1973 Leonard M. Rieser · 1974 Roger Revelle · 1975 Margaret Mead |
| 1976-2000 |
1976 William D. McElroy · 1977-1978 Emilio Q. Daddario · 1979 Edward E. David Jr. · 1980 Kenneth Ewart Boulding · 1981 Frederick Mosteller · 1982 David Allan Bromley · 1983 Margaret Burbidge · 1984 Anna J. Harrison · 1985 David A. Hamburg · 1986 Gerard Piel · 1987 Lawrence Bogorad · 1988 Sheila E. Widnall · 1989 Walter E. Massey · 1990 Richard C. Atkinson · 1991 Donald N. Langenberg · 1992 Leon Max Lederman · 1993 Frank Sherwood Rowland · 1994 Eloise E. Clark · 1995 Francisco José Ayala · 1996 Rita Colwell · 1997 Jane Lubchenco · 1998 Mildred Dresselhaus · 1999 Mary Rita Cooke Greenwood · 2000 Stephen Jay Gould |
| 2001-presente |
2001 Mary Lowe Good · 2002 Peter Hamilton Raven · 2003 Floyd E. Bloom · 2004 Mary Ellen Avery · 2005 Shirley Ann Jackson · 2006 Gil Omenn · 2007 John Holdren · 2008 David Baltimore · 2009 James J. McCarthy · 2010 Peter Agre · 2011 Alice S. Huang · 2012 Nina Fedoroff · 2013 William H. Press · 2014 Phillip Allen Sharp |
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- Nascidos em 1922
- Nobel de Física
- Medalha Nacional de Ciências
- Prêmio Wolf de Física
- Prêmio Enrico Fermi
- Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico
- Professores da Universidade Columbia
- Professores do Instituto de Tecnologia de Illinois
- Professores da Universidade de Chicago
- Físicos dos Estados Unidos
- Matemáticos dos Estados Unidos
- Ex-alunos da Universidade Columbia
- Bolsistas Guggenheim
- Judeus dos Estados Unidos
- Naturais de Nova Iorque
