Martin Ryle
Martin Ryle  |
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| Astronomia | |
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| Nacionalidade |  Britânico |
| Nascimento | 27 de setembro de 1918 |
| Local | Brighton |
| Morte | 14 de outubro de 1984 (66 anos) |
| Local | Cambridge |
| Actividade | |
| Campo(s) | Astronomia |
| Orientador(es) | John Ashworth Ratcliffe |
| Conhecido(a) por | Radioastronomia, Astrônomo Real Britânico |
| Prêmio(s) | Medalha Hughes (1954), Guthrie Lecture (1964), Medalha de Ouro da RAS (1964), Medalha Henry Draper (1965), Prêmio Holweck (1965), Medalha Faraday (1971), Medalha Real (1973),  Nobel de Física (1974), Medalha Bruce (1974) |
Martin Ryle FRS1 (Brighton, 27 de setembro de 1918 — Cambridge, 14 de outubro de 1984) foi um físico e astrofísico do Reino Unido.
Recebeu o Nobel de Física de 1974, pela invenção e aplicação da técnica de abertura sintética.
Referências
- ↑ doi:10.1098/rsbm.1986.0016
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Ligações externas[editar]
| Precedido por Harry Hemley Plaskett |
Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society 1964 com William Maurice Ewing |
Sucedido por Edward Bullard e Gerald Maurice Clemence |
| Precedido por Richard van der Riet Woolley |
Astrônomo Real Britânico 1972 — 1982 |
Sucedido por Francis Graham-Smith |
| Precedido por Wilfrid Bennett Lewis, Francis Crick e Derek Barton |
Medalha Real 1973 com Edward Abraham e Rodney Porter |
Sucedido por Sydney Brenner, George Edwards e Fred Hoyle |
| Precedido por Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever e Brian David Josephson |
Nobel de Física 1974 com Antony Hewish |
Sucedido por Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson e Leo James Rainwater |
| Astrônomos Reais |
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1675 John Flamsteed · 1720 Edmond Halley · 1742 James Bradley · 1762 Nathaniel Bliss · 1765 Nevil Maskelyne · 1811 John Pond · 1835 George Biddell Airy · 1881 William Christie · 1910 Frank Dyson · 1933 Harold Spencer Jones · 1956 Richard van der Riet Woolley · 1972 Martin Ryle · 1982 Francis Graham-Smith · 1991 Arnold Wolfendale · 1995 Martin Rees |
| Medalha Henry Draper (1886 — 2009) |
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1886: Samuel Pierpont Langley 1888: Edward Charles Pickering 1890: Henry Augustus Rowland 1893: Hermann Carl Vogel 1899: James Edward Keeler 1901: William Huggins 1904: George Ellery Hale 1906: William Wallace Campbell 1910: Charles Greeley Abbot 1913: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres 1915: Joel Stebbins 1916: Albert Abraham Michelson 1918: Walter Sydney Adams 1919: Charles Fabry 1920: Alfred Fowler 1921: Pieter Zeeman 1922: Henry Norris Russell 1924: Arthur Stanley Eddington 1926: Harlow Shapley 1928: William Hammond Wright 1931: Annie Jump Cannon 1932: Vesto Melvin Slipher 1934: John Stanley Plaskett 1936: Charles Edward Kenneth Mees 1940: Robert Williams Wood 1942: Ira Sprague Bowen 1945: Paul Merrill 1947: Hans Bethe 1949: Otto Struve 1951: Bernard Lyot 1955: Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst 1957: Horace Welcome Babcock 1960: Martin Schwarzschild 1963: Richard Tousey 1965: Martin Ryle 1968: Bengt Edlén 1971: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1974: Lyman Spitzer 1977: Arno Allan Penzias e Robert Woodrow Wilson 1980: William Wilson Morgan 1985: Joseph Hooton Taylor 1989: Riccardo Giovanelli e Martha P. Haynes 1993: Ralph Alpher e Robert Herman 1997: Bohdan Paczyński 2001: R. Paul Butler e Geoffrey Marcy 2005: Charles L. Bennett 2009: Neil Gehrels |
| Medalha Faraday (1922 — 2011) |
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1922: Oliver Heaviside · 1923: Charles Algernon Parsons · 1924: Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti · 1925: Joseph John Thomson · 1926: Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton · 1927: Elihu Thomson · 1928: John Ambrose Fleming · 1929: Guido Semenza · 1930: Ernest Rutherford · 1931: Charles Hesterman Merz · 1932: Oliver Lodge · 1934: Frank Edward Smith · 1935: Frank Baldwin Jewett · 1936: William Henry Bragg · 1937: André Blondel · 1938: John Snell · 1939: William David Coolidge · 1940: Alexander Russell · 1941: Arthur Percy Morris Fleming · 1942: Pyotr Kapitsa · 1943: Archibald Page · 1944: Irving Langmuir · 1945: Clifford Paterson · 1946: Edward Appleton · 1947: Leonard Pearce · 1948: Marcus Oliphant · 1949: Charles Samuel Franklin · 1950: James Chadwick · 1951: Thomas Eckersley · 1952: Ernest Lawrence · 1953: A. Stanley Angwin · 1954: Isaac Shoenberg · 1955: John Cockcroft · 1956: G. W. O. Howe · 1957: Waldemar Borgquist · 1958: Gordon Radley · 1959: Luigi Emmannueli · 1960: George Paget Thomson · 1961: Julius Adams Stratton · 1962: Basil Schonland · 1963: P. M. J. Ailleret · 1964: Joseph Ronald Mortlock · 1965: Vladimir Zworykin · 1966: John Ashworth Ratcliffe · 1967: Harold Barlow · 1968: Leslie Herbert Bedford · 1969: Phillip Sporn · 1970: Charles William Oatley · 1971: Martin Ryle · 1972: Frederic Calland Williams · 1973: Nevill Francis Mott · 1974: G. Millington · 1975: John Millar Meek · 1976: Thomas Otten Paine · 1977: John Adams · 1978: E. Friedlander · 1979: Robert Noyce · 1980: Eric Ash · 1981: Maurice Vincent Wilkes · 1982: Brian David Josephson · 1983: W. A. Gambling · 1984: Alexander Lamb Cullen · 1985: C. A. R. Hoare · 1986: E. D. R. Shearman · 1987: David Davies · 1988: Cyril Hilsum · 1989: Charles Kao · 1990: Peter Lawrenson · 1991: Alan Rudge · 1992: L. Solymar · 1993: Alexander MacFarlane · 1994: John Parnaby · 1995: John David Rhodes · 1996: S. C. Miller · 1997: John Midwinter · 1998: Roger Needham · 1999: P. A. McKeown · 2000: Michael Brady · 2001: Chris Harris · 2002: Robin Saxby · 2003: Richard Friend · 2004: Peter Grant · 2005: Azim Premji · 2006: John McCanny · 2007: Steve Furber · 2008: Josef Kittler · 2009: Martin Sweeting · 2010: Donal Bradley · 2011: Donald Knuth · 2012: Roy Sambles |
| Medalha Real. Laureados (1951 — 2000) |
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1951: Howard Florey e Ian Heilbron • 1952: Frederic Bartlett e Christopher Kelk Ingold • 1953: Paul Fildes e Nevill Francis Mott • 1954: Hans Krebs e John Cockcroft • 1955: Vincent Wigglesworth e Alexander Todd • 1956: Owen Thomas Jones e Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin • 1957: Frederick Gugenheim Gregory e William Vallance Douglas Hodge • 1958: Alan Hodgkin e Harrie Massey • 1959: Peter Brian Medawar e Rudolf Peierls • 1960: Roy Cameron e Bernard Lovell • 1961: Wilfrid Le Gros Clark e Cecil Frank Powell • 1962: John Eccles e Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar • 1963: Herbert Harold Read e Robert Hill • 1964: Francis Brambell e Michael James Lighthill • 1965: Henry Charles Husband, John Kendrew e Raymond Lyttleton • 1966: Christopher Cockerell, Frank Yates e John Ashworth Ratcliffe • 1967: Joseph Hutchinson, John Zachary Young e Cecil Edgar Tilley • 1968: Gilbert Roberts, Walter Thomas James Morgan e Michael Atiyah • 1969: Charles William Oatley, Frederick Sanger e George Deacon • 1970: John Fleetwood Baker, William Albert Hugh Rushton e Kingsley Charles Dunham • 1971: Percy Edward Kent, Max Perutz e Gerhard Herzberg • 1972: Wilfrid Bennett Lewis, Francis Crick e Derek Barton • 1973: Edward Abraham, Rodney Porter e Martin Ryle • 1974: Sydney Brenner, George Edwards e Fred Hoyle • 1975: Barnes Wallis, David Chilton Phillips e Edward Bullard • 1976: Alan Walsh, James Learmonth Gowans e John Cornforth • 1977: John Adams, Hugh Huxley e Peter Hirsch • 1978: Tom Kilburn, Roderic Alfred Gregory e Abdus Salam • 1979: Vernon Ellis Cosslett, Hans Walter Kosterlitz e Frederick Charles Frank • 1980: John Paul Wild, Henry Harris e Denys Wilkinson • 1981: Ralph Riley, Marthe Louise Vogt e Geoffrey Wilkinson • 1982: César Milstein, William Hawthorne e Richard Dalitz • 1983: Daniel Joseph Bradley, Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg e John Kingman • 1984: Alexander Lamb Cullen, Mary F. Lyon e Alan Battersby • 1985: John Argyris, John Gurdon e Roger Penrose • 1986: Eric Ash, Richard Doll e Rex Richards • 1987: Gustav Victor Rudolf Born, Eric James Denton e Francis Graham-Smith • 1988: Harold Barlow, Winifred Watkins e George Batchelor • 1989: John Vane, David Weatherall e John Charles Polanyi • 1990: Olgierd Zienkiewicz, Anne McLaren e Michael Berry • 1991: Basil John Mason, Michael Berridge e Dan Peter McKenzie • 1992: David Tabor, Anthony Epstein e Simon Donaldson • 1993: Rodney Hill, Horace Barlow e Volker Heine • 1994: Salvador Moncada, Eric Mansfield e Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar • 1995: Donald Metcalf, Paul Nurse e Robert J Williams • 1996: Robert Hinde, Jack Heslop-Harrison e Andrew Wiles • 1997: Geoffrey Eglinton, John Maynard Smith e Donald Hill Perkins • 1998: Edwin Southern, Ricardo Miledi e Donald Charlton Bradley • 1999: John Frank Davidson, Patrick David Wall e Archibald Howie • 2000: Tim Berners-Lee, Geoffrey Burnstock e Keith Usherwood Ingold |
| Nobel de Física (1901 — 2012) | |
|---|---|
| 1901 — 1925 |
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen • Hendrik Lorentz e Pieter Zeeman • Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie e Marie Curie • John William Strutt • Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard • Joseph John Thomson • Albert Abraham Michelson • Gabriel Lippmann • Guglielmo Marconi e Karl Ferdinand Braun • Johannes Diderik van der Waals • Wilhelm Wien • Nils Gustaf Dalén • Heike Kamerlingh Onnes • Max von Laue • William Henry Bragg e William Lawrence Bragg • Charles Glover Barkla • Max Planck • Johannes Stark • Charles Edouard Guillaume • Albert Einstein • Niels Bohr • Robert Andrews Millikan • Karl Siegbahn • James Franck e Gustav Ludwig Hertz |
| 1926 — 1950 |
Jean Baptiste Perrin • Arthur Holly Compton e Charles Thomson Rees Wilson • Owen Willans Richardson • Louis de Broglie • Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman • Werner Karl Heisenberg • Erwin Schrödinger e Paul Dirac • James Chadwick • Victor Franz Hess e Carl David Anderson • Clinton Davisson e George Paget Thomson • Enrico Fermi • Ernest Orlando Lawrence • Otto Stern • Isidor Isaac Rabi • Wolfgang Pauli • Percy Williams Bridgman • Edward Victor Appleton • Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett • Hideki Yukawa • Cecil Frank Powell |
| 1951 — 1975 |
John Douglas Cockcroft e Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton • Felix Bloch e Edward Mills Purcell • Frits Zernike • Max Born e Walther Bothe • Willis Eugene Lamb e Polykarp Kusch • William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen e Walter Houser Brattain • Chen Ning Yang e Tsung-Dao Lee • Pavel Cherenkov, Illia Mikhailovich Frank e Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm • Emilio Gino Segrè e Owen Chamberlain • Donald Arthur Glaser • Robert Hofstadter e Rudolf Mössbauer • Lev Landau • Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer e J. Hans D. Jensen • Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Basov e Aleksandr Prokhorov • Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger e Richard Feynman • Alfred Kastler • Hans Bethe • Luis Walter Alvarez • Murray Gell-Mann • Hannes Alfvén e Louis Eugène Félix Néel • Dennis Gabor • John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper e John Robert Schrieffer • Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever e Brian David Josephson • Martin Ryle e Antony Hewish • Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson e Leo James Rainwater |
| 1976 — 2000 |
Burton Richter e Samuel Chao Chung Ting • Philip Warren Anderson, Nevill Francis Mott e John Hasbrouck Van Vleck • Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias e Robert Woodrow Wilson • Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam e Steven Weinberg • James Watson Cronin e Val Logsdon Fitch • Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schawlow e Kai Siegbahn • Kenneth G. Wilson • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar e William Alfred Fowler • Carlo Rubbia e Simon van der Meer • Klaus von Klitzing • Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig e Heinrich Rohrer • Johannes Georg Bednorz e Karl Alexander Müller • Leon Max Lederman, Melvin Schwartz e Jack Steinberger • Norman Foster Ramsey, Hans Georg Dehmelt e Wolfgang Paul • Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall e Richard Edward Taylor • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes • Georges Charpak • Russell Alan Hulse e Joseph Hooton Taylor • Bertram Neville Brockhouse e Clifford Glenwood Shull • Martin Lewis Perl e Frederick Reines • David Morris Lee, Douglas Dean Osheroff e Robert Coleman Richardson • Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji e William Daniel Phillips • Robert Betts Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer e Daniel Chee Tsui • Gerardus 't Hooft e Martinus J. G. Veltman • Zhores Alferov, Herbert Kroemer e Jack Kilby |
| 2001 — 2012 |
Eric Allin Cornell, Carl Wieman e Wolfgang Ketterle • Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba e Riccardo Giacconi • Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg e Anthony Leggett • David Gross, Hugh David Politzer e Frank Wilczek • Roy Glauber, John Lewis Hall e Theodor Hänsch • John Mather e George Fitzgerald Smoot III • Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg • Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi e Toshihide Masukawa • Charles Kao, Willard Boyle e George Smith • Andre Geim e Konstantin Novoselov • Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess e Brian Schmidt • Serge Haroche e David Wineland |
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- Nascidos em 1918
- Mortos em 1984
- Nobel de Física
- Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society
- Medalha Real
- Medalha Hughes
- Membros da Royal Society
- Radioastrônomos
- Knights Bachelor
- Físicos do Reino Unido
- Astrofísicos do Reino Unido
- Astrônomo Real Britânico
- Ex-alunos da Christ Church (Oxford)
- Ex-alunos do Trinity College (Cambridge)
