Harold Jeffreys
| Harold Jeffreys | |
|---|---|
| Matemática | |
| Nacionalidade | |
| Nascimento | 22 de abril de 1891 |
| Local | Tyne and Wear |
| Falecimento | 18 de março de 1989 (97 anos) |
| Local | Cambridge |
| Actividade | |
| Campo(s) | Matemática |
| Prêmio(s) | Medalha de Ouro da RAS (1937), Medalha Murchison (1939), Medalha Real (1948), Medalha Copley (1960), Medalha Guy de Ouro (1962), Medalha Wollaston (1964) |
Sir Harold Jeffreys FRS (Tyne and Wear, Condado de Durham, 22 de abril de 1891 — Cambridge, 18 de março de 1989) foi um matemático, estatístico, geofísico e astrônomo britânico.
Foi professor de astronomia na Universidade de Cambridge de 1945 a 1958, quando se aposentou.
Na matemática, destacou-se pelos seus estudos em cálculo operacional e teoria das probabilidades; na geofísica, sobre terremotos, monções, núcleo da terra e efeitos da radioatividade sobre o clima; e na astronomia, destacou-se pelos seus estudos sobre o sistema solar, em particular sobre a temperatura e a estrutura planetária de Júpiter, Saturno, Urano e Netuno.
Entre outras premiações, foi laureado com a Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society em 1937, a Medalha Murchison em 1939 e a Medalha Wollaston em 1964, pela Sociedade Geológica de Londres; a Medalha Real em 1948 e a Medalha Copley em 1960 pela Royal Society; e a Medalha William Bowie pela União Geofísica Americana em 1952. Foi eleito membro da Royal Society em 1948 e cavaleiro em 1953.
Obras [editar]
- "The Earth: Its Origin, History, and Physical Constitution" (1924)
- "Scientific Inference" (1931)
- "Seismological Tables" com Keith Bullen (1935)
- "Theory of Probability" (1939)
- "Methods of Mathematical Physics" (1946)
- "Papers" (1971)
Referências [editar]
- David Howie, "Interpreting Probability: Controversies and Developments in the Early Twentieth Century" ( Cambridge University Press, 2002)
- Maria Carla Galavotti. "Harold Jeffreys' Probabilistic Epistemology: Between Logicism And Subjectivism". British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 54(1):43-57 (Março 2003).
- Harold Jeffreys, Theory of Probability (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1939)
Ligações externas [editar]
| Precedido por Hisashi Kimura |
Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society 1937 |
Sucedido por William Hammond Wright |
| Precedido por Frank Burnet e Cyril Norman Hinshelwood |
Medalha Real 1948 com James Gray |
Sucedido por Rudolph Peters e George Paget Thomson |
| Precedido por Frank Burnet |
Medalha Copley 1960 |
Sucedido por Hans Krebs |
| Medalha Real. Laureados (1901 — 1950) |
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1901: William Edward Ayrton e William Thomas Blanford • 1902: Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer e Horace Lamb • 1903: David Gill e Horace Brown • 1904: David Bruce e William Burnside • 1905: Charles Scott Sherrington e John Henry Poynting • 1906: Alfred George Greenhill e Dukinfield Henry Scott • 1907: Ernest William Hobson e Ramsay Heatley Traquair • 1908: Henry Head e John Milne • 1909: Augustus Edward Hough Love e Ronald Ross • 1910: Frederick Orpen Bower e John Joly • 1911: George Chrystal e William Bayliss • 1912: Grafton Elliot Smith e William Mitchinson Hicks • 1913: Ernest Starling e Harold Baily Dixon • 1914: Ernest William Brown e William Johnson Sollas • 1915: Joseph Larmor e William Halse Rivers Rivers • 1916: Hector Munro Macdonald e John Scott Haldane • 1917: Arthur Smith Woodward e John Aitken • 1918: Alfred Fowler e Frederick Gowland Hopkins • 1919: James Hopwood Jeans e John Bretland Farmer • 1920: G. H. Hardy e William Bateson • 1921: Frank Dyson e Frederick Frost Blackman • 1922: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson e Joseph Barcroft • 1923: Charles James Martin e Napier Shaw • 1924: Dugald Clerk e Henry Dale • 1925: Albert Charles Seward e William Henry Perkin, Jr. • 1926: Archibald Vivian Hill e William Bate Hardy • 1927: John Cunningham McLennan e Thomas Lewis • 1928: Arthur Stanley Eddington e Robert Broom • 1929: John Edensor Littlewood e Robert Muir • 1930: John Edward Marr e Owen Willans Richardson • 1931: Richard Glazebrook e William Henry Lang • 1932: Edward Mellanby e Robert Robinson • 1933: Geoffrey Ingram Taylor e Patrick Laidlaw • 1934: Edgar Douglas Adrian e Sydney Chapman • 1935: Alfred Harker e Charles Galton Darwin • 1936: Edwin Stephen Goodrich e Ralph Howard Fowler • 1937: Arthur Henry Reginald Buller e Nevil Sidgwick • 1938: Francis William Aston e Ronald Fisher • 1939: David Keilin e Paul Dirac • 1940: Francis Marshall e Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett • 1941: Ernest Kennaway e Edward Arthur Milne • 1942: William Whiteman Carlton Topley e Walter Norman Haworth • 1943: Edward Battersby Bailey e Harold Spencer Jones • 1944: Charles Robert Harington e David Brunt • 1945: Edward James Salisbury e John Desmond Bernal • 1946: Cyril Dean Darlington e William Lawrence Bragg • 1947: Frank Burnet e Cyril Norman Hinshelwood • 1948: James Gray e Harold Jeffreys • 1949: Rudolph Peters e George Paget Thomson • 1950: Carl Pantin e Edward Appleton |
| Medalha Copley. Laureados (1951 — 2000) |
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1951: David Keilin • 1952: Paul Dirac • 1953: Albert Kluyver • 1954: Edmund Taylor Whittaker • 1955: Ronald Fisher • 1956: Patrick Blackett • 1957: Howard Florey • 1958: John Edensor Littlewood • 1959: Frank Burnet • 1960: Harold Jeffreys • 1961: Hans Krebs • 1962: Cyril Norman Hinshelwood • 1963: Paul Fildes • 1964: Sydney Chapman • 1965: Alan Hodgkin • 1966: William Lawrence Bragg • 1967: Bernard Katz • 1968: Tadeusz Reichstein • 1969: Peter Brian Medawar • 1970: Alexander Todd • 1971: Norman Pirie • 1972: Nevill Francis Mott • 1973: Andrew Huxley • 1974: William Vallance Douglas Hodge • 1975: Francis Crick • 1976: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin • 1977: Frederick Sanger • 1978: Robert Burns Woodward • 1979: Max Perutz • 1980: Derek Barton • 1981: Peter Mitchell • 1982: John Cornforth • 1983: Rodney Porter • 1984: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar • 1985: Aaron Klug • 1986: Rudolf Peierls • 1987: Robert Hill • 1988: Michael Atiyah • 1989: César Milstein • 1990: Abdus Salam • 1991: Sydney Brenner • 1992: George Porter • 1993: James Watson • 1994: Frederick Charles Frank • 1995: Frank Fenner • 1996: Alan Cottrell • 1997: Hugh Huxley • 1998: Michael James Lighthill • 1999: John Maynard Smith • 2000: Alan Battersby |
| Medalha Guy: Ouro, Prata e Bronze | |||||
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| Medalha Wollaston |
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1831: William Smith · 1835: Gideon Mantell · 1836: Louis Agassiz · 1837: Proby Thomas Cautley · Hugh Falconer · 1838: Richard Owen · 1839: Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg · 1840: André Hubert Dumont · 1841: Adolphe Brongniart · 1842: Christian Leopold von Buch · 1843: Léonce Élie de Beaumont · Pierre Armand Dufrenoy · 1844: William Conybeare · 1845: John Phillips · 1846: William Lonsdale · 1847: Ami Boué · 1848: William Buckland · 1849: Joseph Prestwich · 1850: William Hopkins · 1851: Adam Sedgwick · 1852: William Henry Fitton · 1853: Adolphe d'Archiac · Edouard de Verneuil · 1854: Richard John Griffith · 1855: Henry De la Beche · 1856: William Edmond Logan · 1857: Joachim Barrande · 1858: Hermann von Meyer · 1859: Charles Darwin · 1860: Searles Valentine Wood · 1861: Heinrich Georg Bronn · 1862: Robert Alfred Cloynes Godwin-Austen · 1863: Gustav Bischof · 1864: Roderick Murchison · 1865: Thomas Davidson · 1866: Charles Lyell · 1867: George Julius Poulett Scrope · 1868: Carl Friedrich Naumann · 1869: Henry Clifton Sorby · 1870: Gérard Paul Deshayes · 1871: Andrew Ramsay · 1872: James Dwight Dana · 1873: Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton · 1874: Oswald Heer · 1875: Laurent-Guillaume de Koninck · 1876: Thomas Henry Huxley · 1877: Robert Mallet · 1878: Thomas Wright · 1879: Bernhard Studer · 1880: Auguste Daubrée · 1881: Peter Martin Duncan · 1882: Franz Ritter von Hauer · 1883: William Thomas Blanford · 1884: Jean Albert Gaudry · 1885: George Busk · 1886: Alfred Des Cloizeaux · 1887: John Whitaker Hulke · 1888: Henry Benedict Medlicott · 1889: Thomas George Bonney · 1890: William Crawford Williamson · 1891: John Wesley Judd · 1892: Ferdinand von Richthofen · 1893: Nevil Story Maskelyne · 1894: Karl Alfred von Zittel · 1895: Archibald Geikie · 1896: Eduard Suess · 1897: Wilfred Hudleston Hudleston · 1898: Ferdinand Zirkel · 1899: Charles Lapworth · 1900: Grove Karl Gilbert · 1901: Charles Barrois · 1902: Friedrich Schmidt · 1903: Heinrich Rosenbusch · 1904: Albert Heim · 1905: Jethro Justinian Harris Teall · 1906: Henry Woodward · 1907: William Johnson Sollas · 1908: Paul Heinrich von Groth · 1909: Horace Bolingbroke Woodward · 1910: William Berryman Scott · 1911: Waldemar Christopher Brøgger · 1912: Lazarus Fletcher · 1913: Osmond Fisher · 1914: John Edward Marr · 1915: Edgeworth David · 1916: Alexander Karpinsky · 1917: Antoine Lacroix · 1918: Charles Doolittle Walcott · 1919: Aubrey Strahan · 1920: Gerard Jacob De Geer · 1921: Benjamin Neeve Peach John Horne · 1922: Alfred Harker · 1923: William Whitaker · 1924: Arthur Smith Woodward · 1925: George William Lamplugh · 1926: Henry Fairfield Osborn · 1927: William Whitehead Watts · 1928: Dukinfield Henry Scott · 1929: Friedrich Johann Karl Becke · 1930: Albert Charles Seward · 1931: Arthur William Rogers · 1932: Johan Herman Lie Vogt · 1933: Marcellin Boule · 1934: Henry Alexander Miers · 1935: John Smith Flett · 1936: Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff · 1937: Waldemar Lindgren · 1938: Maurice Lugeon · 1939: Frank Dawson Adams · 1940: Henry Woods · 1941: Arthur Louis Day · 1942: Reginald Aldworth Daly · 1943: Alexander Fersman · 1944: Victor Moritz Goldschmidt · 1945: Owen Thomas Jones · 1946: Emmanuel de Margerie · 1947: Joseph Burr Tyrrell · 1948: Edward Battersby Bailey · 1949: Robert Broom · 1950: Norman Levi Bowen · 1951: Olaf Holtedahl · 1952: Herbert Harold Read · 1953: Erik Stensiö · 1954: Leonard Johnston Wills · 1955: Arthur Elijah Trueman · 1956: Arthur Holmes · 1957: Paul Fourmarier · 1958: Pentti Eelis Eskola · 1959: Pierre Pruvost · 1960: Cecil Edgar Tilley · 1961: Roman Kozlowski · 1962: Leonard Hawkes · 1963: Felix Andries Vening Meinesz · 1964: Harold Jeffreys · 1965: David Meredith Seares Watson · 1966: Francis Parker Shepard · 1967: Edward Bullard · 1968: Raymond Cecil Moore · 1969: William Maurice Ewing · 1970: Philip Henry Kuenen · 1971: Ralph Alger Bagnold · 1972: Hans Ramberg · 1973: Alfred Sherwood Romer · 1974: Francis John Pettijohn · 1975: Hollis Dow Hedberg · 1976: Kingsley Charles Dunham · 1977: Reinout Willem van Bemmelen · 1978: John Tuzo Wilson · 1979: Hatten Schuyler Yoder · 1980: Augusto Gansser · 1981: Robert Minard Garrels · 1982: Peter John Wyllie · 1983: Dan Peter McKenzie · 1984: Kenneth J. Hsu · 1985: Gerald Joseph Wasserburg · 1986: John Graham Ramsay · 1987: Claude Jean Allègre · 1988: Alfred Ringwood · 1989: Drummond Hoyle Matthews · 1990: Wallace Smith Broecker · 1991: Xavier Le Pichon · 1992: Martin Bott · 1993: Samuel Epstein · 1994: William Jason Morgan · 1995: George Patrick Leonard Walker · 1996: Nicholas Shackleton · 1997: Douglas James Shearman · 1998: Karl Karekin Turekian · 1999: John Frederick Dewey · 2000: William Sefton Fyfe · 2001: Harry Blackmore Whittington · 2002: Rudolf Trumpy · 2003: Ikuo Kushiro · 2004: Geoffrey Eglinton · 2005: Edward A. Irving · 2006: James Lovelock · 2007: Andrew Knoll · 2008: Norman Sleep · 2009: Paul Felix Hoffman · 2010: Richard Hugh Sibson · 2011: Robert Stephen John Sparks · 2012: Christopher Hawkesworth |
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- Nascidos em 1891
- Mortos em 1989
- Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society
- Medalha Copley
- Medalha Real
- Prêmio Adams
- Medalha Wollaston
- Membros da Royal Society
- Knights Bachelor
- Professores da Universidade de Cambridge
- Geólogos da Inglaterra
- Matemáticos da Inglaterra
- Astrônomos da Inglaterra
- Ex-alunos da Universidade de Durham