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Charles Thomson Rees Wilson CH FRS (Midlothian, 14 de fevereiro de 1869 — Edimburgo, 15 de novembro de 1959) foi um físico escocês.
Vida e obra [editar]
Wilson nasceu na paróquia de Glencorse, Midlothian filho dos agricultor John Wilson e Annie Clerk Harper. Depois que seu pai morreu em 1873, sua família mudou-se para Manchester. Ele foi educado na Faculdade de Owen, estudando a biologia com a intenção de se tornar um médico. Ele então foi para Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, onde ele ficou interessado em física e química.1
Recebeu em 1927 o Nobel de Física, pelo seu método de tornar visível as trajetórias de partículas através da condensação do vapor de água (câmara de Wilson).
A importância da câmara atravessou fronteiras. Esta contribuiu para a demonstração da existência do electrão de retrocesso de Compton, a descoberta do positrão de Anderson, a demonstração virtual do processo "criação de pares" e "desintegração" dos electrões e dos positrões de Blackett e Occhialini e a transmutação dis núcleos atômicos de Cockcroft e Walton.
Referências
- Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Isaac Asimov, 2nd ed., Doubleday & C., Inc., ISBN 0-385-17771-2.
Ligações externas [editar]
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Nobel de Física (1901 — 2012) |
| 1901 — 1925 |
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen • Hendrik Lorentz e Pieter Zeeman • Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie e Marie Curie • John William Strutt • Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard • Joseph John Thomson • Albert Abraham Michelson • Gabriel Lippmann • Guglielmo Marconi e Karl Ferdinand Braun • Johannes Diderik van der Waals • Wilhelm Wien • Nils Gustaf Dalén • Heike Kamerlingh Onnes • Max von Laue • William Henry Bragg e William Lawrence Bragg • Charles Glover Barkla • Max Planck • Johannes Stark • Charles Edouard Guillaume • Albert Einstein • Niels Bohr • Robert Andrews Millikan • Karl Siegbahn • James Franck e Gustav Ludwig Hertz
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| 1926 — 1950 |
Jean Baptiste Perrin • Arthur Holly Compton e Charles Thomson Rees Wilson • Owen Willans Richardson • Louis de Broglie • Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman • Werner Karl Heisenberg • Erwin Schrödinger e Paul Dirac • James Chadwick • Victor Franz Hess e Carl David Anderson • Clinton Davisson e George Paget Thomson • Enrico Fermi • Ernest Orlando Lawrence • Otto Stern • Isidor Isaac Rabi • Wolfgang Pauli • Percy Williams Bridgman • Edward Victor Appleton • Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett • Hideki Yukawa • Cecil Frank Powell
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| 1951 — 1975 |
John Douglas Cockcroft e Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton • Felix Bloch e Edward Mills Purcell • Frits Zernike • Max Born e Walther Bothe • Willis Eugene Lamb e Polykarp Kusch • William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen e Walter Houser Brattain • Chen Ning Yang e Tsung-Dao Lee • Pavel Cherenkov, Illia Mikhailovich Frank e Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm • Emilio Gino Segrè e Owen Chamberlain • Donald Arthur Glaser • Robert Hofstadter e Rudolf Mössbauer • Lev Landau • Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer e J. Hans D. Jensen • Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Basov e Aleksandr Prokhorov • Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger e Richard Feynman • Alfred Kastler • Hans Bethe • Luis Walter Alvarez • Murray Gell-Mann • Hannes Alfvén e Louis Eugène Félix Néel • Dennis Gabor • John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper e John Robert Schrieffer • Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever e Brian David Josephson • Martin Ryle e Antony Hewish • Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson e Leo James Rainwater
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| 1976 — 2000 |
Burton Richter e Samuel Chao Chung Ting • Philip Warren Anderson, Nevill Francis Mott e John Hasbrouck Van Vleck • Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias e Robert Woodrow Wilson • Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam e Steven Weinberg • James Watson Cronin e Val Logsdon Fitch • Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schawlow e Kai Siegbahn • Kenneth G. Wilson • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar e William Alfred Fowler • Carlo Rubbia e Simon van der Meer • Klaus von Klitzing • Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig e Heinrich Rohrer • Johannes Georg Bednorz e Karl Alexander Müller • Leon Max Lederman, Melvin Schwartz e Jack Steinberger • Norman Foster Ramsey, Hans Georg Dehmelt e Wolfgang Paul • Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall e Richard Edward Taylor • Pierre-Gilles de Gennes • Georges Charpak • Russell Alan Hulse e Joseph Hooton Taylor • Bertram Neville Brockhouse e Clifford Glenwood Shull • Martin Lewis Perl e Frederick Reines • David Morris Lee, Douglas Dean Osheroff e Robert Coleman Richardson • Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji e William Daniel Phillips • Robert Betts Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer e Daniel Chee Tsui • Gerardus 't Hooft e Martinus J. G. Veltman • Zhores Alferov, Herbert Kroemer e Jack Kilby
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| 2001 — 2012 |
Eric Allin Cornell, Carl Wieman e Wolfgang Ketterle • Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba e Riccardo Giacconi • Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg e Anthony Leggett • David Gross, Hugh David Politzer e Frank Wilczek • Roy Glauber, John Lewis Hall e Theodor Hänsch • John Mather e George Fitzgerald Smoot III • Albert Fert e Peter Grünberg • Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi e Toshihide Masukawa • Charles Kao, Willard Boyle e George Smith • Andre Geim e Konstantin Novoselov • Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess e Brian Schmidt • Serge Haroche e David Wineland
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Medalha Franklin (1915 — 1997) |
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1915: Thomas Edison, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes · 1916: John Joseph Carty, Theodore William Richards · 1917: Hendrik Lorentz, David Watson Taylor · 1918: Guglielmo Marconi, Thomas Corwin Mendenhall · 1919: James Dewar, George Owen Squier · 1920: Svante Arrhenius, Charles Algernon Parsons · 1921: Charles Fabry, Frank Julian Sprague · 1922: Ralph Modjeski, Joseph John Thomson · 1923: Gustave-Auguste Ferrié, Albert Abraham Michelson · 1924: Ernest Rutherford, Edward Weston · 1925: Elihu Thomson, Pieter Zeeman · 1926: Niels Bohr, Samuel Rea · 1927: George Ellery Hale, Max Planck · 1928: Charles Francis Brush, Walther Nernst · 1929: Emil Berliner, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson · 1930: William Henry Bragg, John Frank Stevens · 1931: James Hopwood Jeans, Willis Rodney Whitney · 1932: Philipp Lenard, Ambrose Swasey · 1933: Paul Sabatier, Irmãos Wright · 1934: Irving Langmuir, Henry Norris Russell · 1935: Albert Einstein, John Ambrose Fleming · 1936: Frank Baldwin Jewett, Charles Kettering · 1937: Peter Debye, Robert Andrews Millikan · 1938: William Frederick Durand, Charles August Kraus · 1939: Edwin Powell Hubble, Albert Sauveur · 1940: Leo Baekeland, Arthur Holly Compton · 1941: Edwin Armstrong, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman · 1942: Jerome Clarke Hunsaker, Paul Dyer Merica · 1943: George Washington Pierce, Harold Clayton Urey · 1944: William David Coolidge, Pyotr Kapitsa · 1945: Harlow Shapley · 1946: Henry Clapp Sherman, Henry Tizard · 1947: Enrico Fermi, Robert Robinson · 1948: Wendell Meredith Stanley, Theodore von Kármán · 1949: Theodor Svedberg · 1950: Eugene Paul Wigner · 1951: James Chadwick · 1952: Wolfgang Pauli · 1953: William Francis Gibbs · 1954: Charles Edward Kenneth Mees · 1955: Arne Tiselius · 1956: Frank Whittle · 1957: Hugh Stott Taylor · 1958: Donald Wills Douglas · 1959: Hans Bethe · 1960: Roger Adams · 1961: Detlev Bronk · 1962: Geoffrey Ingram Taylor · 1963: Glenn Theodore Seaborg · 1964: Gregory Breit · 1965: Frederick Seitz · 1966: Britton Chance · 1967: Murray Gell-Mann · 1968: Marshall Nirenberg · 1969: John Archibald Wheeler · 1970: Wolfgang Panofsky · 1971: Hannes Alfvén · 1972: George Kistiakowsky · 1973: Theodosius Dobzhansky · 1974: Nikolai Bogoliubov · 1975: John Bardeen · 1976: Mahlon Hoagland · 1977: Cyril Manton Harris · 1978: Elias James Corey · 1979: George Evelyn Hutchinson · 1980: Avram Goldstein, Lyman Spitzer · 1981: Stephen Hawking · 1982: César Milstein, Kenneth Wilson · 1984: Verner Suomi · 1985: George Claude Pimentel · 1986: Benoît Mandelbrot · 1987: Stanley Cohen · 1988: Donald Knuth · 1990: Hugh Huxley, David Turnbull · 1992: Frederick Reines · 1995: Gerardus 't Hooft · 1996: Richard Smalley · 1997: Mario Capecchi
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