John Robert Schrieffer – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

John Robert Schrieffer
John Robert Schrieffer
Nascimento	31 de maio de 1931 (93 anos) Oak Park
Morte	27 de julho de 2019 (88 anos) Tallahassee
Sepultamento	Greenwood Cemetery
Nacionalidade	Estadunidense
Cidadania	Estados Unidos
Alma mater	Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts, Universidade de Illinois em Urbana-Champaign
Ocupação	físico, professor universitário
Distinções	Prêmio Comstock de Física (1968), Nobel de Física (1972), Medalha Nacional de Ciências (1983)
Empregador(a)	Universidade de Illinois em Urbana-Champaign, Universidade Estadual da Flórida, Universidade de Birmingham, Universidade da Pensilvânia, Universidade da Califórnia em Santa Bárbara, Laboratório Nacional de Los Alamos, Exxon Research & Engineering Company, Universidade de Chicago
Instituições	Universidade da Pensilvânia, Universidade da Flórida, Universidade do Estado da Flórida
Campo(s)	Física
[edite no Wikidata]

John Robert Schrieffer (Oak Park, 31 de maio de 1931 - Tallahassee, 27 de julho de 2019) foi um físico estadunidense.

Recebeu o Nobel de Física de 1972, pelo desenvolvimento conjunto da teoria da supercondutividade, também conhecida como Teoria BCS.^[1]

Condenação

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Em 2005, foi condenado a dois anos de prisão por matar um pedestre num acidente automobilístico.^[2]

Morte

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John Schrieffer morreu aos 88 anos, no dia 27 de julho de 2019.

Referências

↑ «Nobel Prize-Winning Physicist Schrieffer Dies in Florida»
↑ Físico ganhador do Prêmio Nobel John Schrieffer morre na Flórida The Hindu - acessado em 30 de julho de 2019

Ligações externas

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John Robert Schrieffer em Nobelprize.org
«Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Física 1972» (em inglês)

Precedido por
Dennis Gabor

Nobel de Física
1972
com John Bardeen e Leon Neil Cooper

Sucedido por
Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever e Brian David Josephson

v d e Nobel de Física
1901–1925	1901: Röntgen 1902: Lorentz e Zeeman 1903: Becquerel, P. Curie e M. Curie 1904: Strutt 1905: Lenard 1906: J. J. Thompson 1907: Michelson 1908: Lippmann 1909: Marconi e Braun 1910: Van der Waals 1911: Wien 1912: Dalén 1913: Kamerlingh Onnes 1914: Laue 1915: W. H. Bragg e W. L. Bragg 1917: Barkla 1918: Planck 1919: Stark 1920: Guillaume 1921: Einstein 1922: N. Bohr 1923: Millikan 1924: Siegbahn 1925: Franck e Hertz
1926–1950	1926: Perrin 1927: Compton e C. Wilson 1928: O. W. Richardson 1929: Broglie 1930: Raman 1932: Heisenberg 1933: Schrödinger e Dirac 1935: Chadwick 1936: Hess e C. D. Anderson 1937: Davisson e Thomson 1938: Fermi 1939: Lawrence 1943: Stern 1944: Rabi 1945: Pauli 1946: Bridgman 1947: Appleton 1948: Blackett 1949: Yukawa 1950: Powell
1951–1975	1951: Cockcroft e Walton 1952: Bloch e Purcell 1953: Zernike 1954: Born e Bothe 1955: Lamb e Kusch 1956: Shockley, Bardeen e Brattain 1957: Yang e T.-D. Lee 1958: Cherenkov, Frank e Tamm 1959: Segrè e Chamberlain 1960: Glaser 1961: Hofstadter e Mössbauer 1962: Landau 1963: Wigner, Goeppert-Mayer e Jensen 1964: Townes, Basov e Prokhorov 1965: Tomonaga, Schwinger e Feynman 1966: Kastler 1967: Bethe 1968: Alvarez 1969: Gell-Mann 1970: Alfvén e Néel 1971: Gabor 1972: Bardeen, Cooper e Schrieffer 1973: Esaki, Giaever e Josephson 1974: Ryle e Hewish 1975: A. Bohr, Mottelson e Rainwater
1976–2000	1976: Richter e Ting 1977: P. W. Anderson, Mott e Van Vleck 1978: Kapitsa, Penzias e Wilson 1979: Glashow, Salam e Weinberg 1980: Cronin e Fitch 1981: Bloembergen, Schawlow e Siegbahn 1982: Wilson 1983: Chandrasekhar e Fowler 1984: Rubbia e Van der Meer 1985: Klitzing 1986: Ruska, Binnig e Rohrer 1987: Bednorz e Müller 1988: Lederman, Schwartz e Steinberger 1989: Ramsey, Dehmelt e Paul 1990: Friedman, Kendall e R. E. Taylor 1991: de Gennes 1992: Charpak, Hulse e J. H. Taylor 1993: Brockhouse e Shull 1994: Perl e Reines 1995: D. Lee, Osheroff e R. Richardson 1996: Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji e Phillips 1997: Laughlin, Störmer e Tsui 1998: Hooft e Veltman 1999: Alferov, Kroemer e Kilby
2001–2024	2001: Cornell, Wieman e Ketterle 2002: Davis, Koshiba e Giacconi 2003: Abrikosov, Ginzburg e Leggett 2004: Gross, Politzer e Wilczek 2005: Glauber\|, Hall e Hänsch 2006: Mather e Smoot 2007: Fert e Grünberg 2008: Nambu, Kobayashi e Masukawa 2009: Kao, Boyle e G. Smith 2010: Geim e Novoselov 2011: Perlmutter, Riess e Schmidt 2012: Haroche e Wineland 2013: Englert e Higgs 2014: Akasaki, Amano e Nakamura 2015: Kajita e McDonald 2016: Haldane, Thouless e Kosterlitz 2017: Weiss, Barish e Thorne 2018: Ashkin, Mourou e Strickland 2019: Peebles, Mayor e Queloz 2020: Penrose, Genzel e Ghez 2021: Manabe, Hasselmann e Parisi 2022: Aspect, Clauser e Zeilinger 2023: Agostini, Krausz e L'Huillier 2024: Hopfield e Hinton

Medalha Nacional de Ciências

Ciência do Comportamento e Social

Década de 1960	1964: Neal Elgar Miller
Década de 1980	1986: Herbert Simon · 1987: Anne Anastasi e George Joseph Stigler · 1988: Milton Friedman
Década de 1990	1990: Leonid Hurwicz e Patrick Suppes · 1991: George A. Miller · 1992: Eleanor J. Gibson · 1994: Robert Merton · 1995: Roger Shepard · 1996: Paul Samuelson · 1997: William Estes · 1998: William Julius Wilson · 1999: Robert Solow
Década de 2000	2000: Gary Becker · 2003: R. Duncan Luce · 2004: Kenneth Arrow · 2005: Gordon Bower · 2008: Michael Posner · 2009: Mortimer Mishkin
Década de 2010	2011: Anne Treisman · 2012: Robert Axelrod · 2014: Albert Bandura

Ciências Biológicas

Década de 1960	1963: Cornelis Bernardus van Niel · 1964: Theodosius Dobzhansky e Marshall Nirenberg · 1965: Francis Rous, George Gaylord Simpson e Donald Van Slyke · 1966: Edward Fred Knipling, Fritz Albert Lipmann, William Cumming Rose e Sewall Wright · 1967: Kenneth Cole, Harry Harlow, Michael Heidelberger e Alfred Sturtevant · 1968: Horace Barker, Bernard Brodie, Detlev Bronk, Jay Laurence Lush e B. F. Skinner · 1969: Robert Hübner, Ernst Mayr
Década de 1970	1970: Barbara McClintock e Albert Sabin · 1973: Daniel Arnon e Earl Sutherland · 1974: Britton Chance, Erwin Chargaff, James Neel e James Hannon · 1975: Hallowell Davis, Paul Gyorgy, Sterling Hendricks e Orville Vogel · 1976: Roger Guillemin, Keith Roberts Porter, Efraim Racker e Edward Osborne Wilson · 1979: Robert H. Burris, Elizabeth C. Crosby, Arthur Kornberg, Severo Ochoa, Earl Stadtman, George Ledyard Stebbins e Paul Weiss
Década de 1980	1981: Philip Handler · 1982: Seymour Benzer, Glenn Burton e Mildred Cohn · 1983: Howard Bachrach, Paul Berg, Wendell Lee Roelofs e Berta Scharrer · 1986: Stanley Cohen, Donald Henderson, Vernon Mountcastle, George Palade e Joan A. Steitz · 1987: Michael DeBakey, Theodor Otto Diener, Harry Eagle, Har Khorana e Rita Levi-Montalcini · 1988: Michael Stuart Brown, Stanley Norman Cohen, Joseph Goldstein, Maurice Hilleman, Eric Kandel e Rosalyn Yalow · 1989: Katherine Esau, Viktor Hamburger, Philip Leder, Joshua Lederberg, Roger Sperry e Harland Goff Wood
Década de 1990	1990: Baruj Benacerraf, Herbert Boyer, Daniel Koshland, Edward Lewis, David Nathan e Edward Donnall Thomas · 1991: Mary Ellen Avery, George Evelyn Hutchinson, Elvin Kabat, Robert Kates, Salvador Luria, Paul Marks, Folke Skoog e Paul Zamecnik · 1992: Maxine Singer e Howard Martin Temin · 1993: Daniel Nathans e Salome G. Waelsch · 1994: Thomas Eisner e Elizabeth Neufeld · 1995: Alexander Rich · 1996: Ruth Patrick · 1997: James Watson e Robert Allan Weinberg · 1998: Bruce Ames e Janet Rowley · 1999: David Baltimore, Jared Diamond e Lynn Margulis
Década de 2000	2000: Nancy Coover Andreasen, Peter H. Raven e Carl Woese · 2001: Francisco José Ayala, George Bass, Mario Capecchi, Ann Graybiel, Gene Likens, Victor A. McKusick e Harold Varmus · 2002: James E. Darnell e Evelyn M. Witkin · 2003: John Michael Bishop, Solomon Halbert Snyder e Charles Yanofsky · 2004: Norman Borlaug, Phillip Allen Sharp e Thomas Starzl · 2005: Anthony Fauci e Torsten Wiesel · 2006: Rita Colwell, Nina Fedoroff e Lubert Stryer · 2007: Robert Lefkowitz e Bert William O’Malley · 2008: Francis Collins, Elaine Fuchs, Craig Venter · 2009: Susan Lindquist, Stanley Prusiner
Década de 2010	2010: Ralph Lawrence Brinster, Rudolf Jaenisch · 2011: Lucy Shapiro, Leroy Hood, Sallie Chisholm · 2012: May Berenbaum, Bruce Alberts · 2013: Rakesh Jain · 2014: Stanley Falkow, Mary-Claire King, Simon Levin

Química

Década de 1960	1964: Roger Adams
Década de 1980	1982: Frank Albert Cotton e Gilbert Stork · 1983: Roald Hoffmann, George Claude Pimentel e Richard Zare · 1986: Harry Barkus Gray, Yuan Lee, Carl Shipp Marvel e Frank Westheimer · 1987: William Summer Johnson, Walter Hugo Stockmayer e Max Tishler · 1988: William Oliver Baker, Konrad Bloch e Elias James Corey · 1989: Richard Barry Bernstein, Melvin Calvin, Rudolph Arthur Marcus e Harden McConnell
Década de 1990	1990: Elkan Blout, Karl August Folkers e John Dombrowski Roberts · 1991: Ronald Breslow, Gertrude Elion, Dudley Robert Herschbach e Glenn Theodore Seaborg · 1992: Howard Ensign Simmons · 1993: Donald James Cram e Norman Hackerman · 1994: George Simms Hammond · 1995: Thomas Cech e Isabella Karle · 1996: Norman Davidson · 1997: Darleane Hoffman e Harold S. Johnston · 1998: John Werner Cahn e George Whitesides · 1999: Stuart Alan Rice, John Ross e Susan Solomon
Década de 2000	2000: John Baldeschwieler e Ralph Hirschmann · 2001: Ernest Roy Davidson e Gábor Somorjai · 2002: John Brauman · 2004: Stephen Lippard · 2006: Marvin Harry Caruthers e Peter Dervan · 2007: Mostafa El-Sayed · 2008: Joanna Fowler e JoAnne Stubbe · 2009: Stephen James Benkovic e Marye Anne Fox
Década de 2010	2010: Jacqueline Barton e Peter John Stang · 2011: Allen Joseph Bard e Frederick Hawthorne · 2012: Judith Klinman, Jerrold Meinwald · 2013: Geraldine Richmond · 2014: Paul Alivisatos

Ciências da Engenharia

Década de 1960	1962: Theodore von Kármán · 1963: Vannevar Bush e John Robinson Pierce · 1964: Charles Stark Draper · 1965: Hugh Latimer Dryden, Clarence Johnson e Warren Lewis · 1966: Claude Shannon · 1967: Edwin Land e Igor Sikorsky · 1968: John Presper Eckert e Nathan M. Newmark · 1969: Jack Kilby
Década de 1970	1970: George Mueller · 1973: Harold Eugene Edgerton e Richard Whitcomb · 1974: Rudolf Kompfner, Ralph Brazelton Peck e Abel Wolman · 1975: Manson Benedict, William Hayward Pickering, Frederick Terman e Wernher von Braun · 1976: Morris Cohen, Peter Carl Goldmark e Erwin Wilhelm Müller · 1979: Emmett Leith, Raymond Mindlin, Robert Noyce, Earl Randall Parker e Simon Ramo
Década de 1980	1982: Edward Heinemann e Donald Katz · 1983: Bill Hewlett, George Low e John George Trump · 1986: Hans Wolfgang Liepmann, Tung-Yen Lin e Bernard Oliver · 1987: Robert Byron Bird, Harry Bolton Seed e Ernst Weber · 1988: Daniel Drucker, Willis Hawkins e George W. Housner · 1989: Harry George Drickamer e Herbert Earl Grier
Década de 1990	1990: Mildred Dresselhaus e Nick Holonyak · 1991: George Heilmeier, Luna Leopold e Guyford Stever · 1992: Calvin Quate e John Roy Whinnery · 1993: Alfred Yi Cho · 1994: Ray Clough · 1995: Hermann Anton Haus · 1996: James Flanagan e Chandra Kumar Patel · 1998: Eli Ruckenstein · 1999: Kenneth N. Stevens
Década de 2000	2000: Yuan-Cheng Fung · 2001: Andreas Acrivos · 2002: Leo Beranek · 2003: John Prausnitz · 2004: Edwin Lightfoot · 2005: Jan Achenbach e Tobin Marks · 2006: Robert Langer · 2007: David Wineland · 2008: Rudolf Kalman · 2009: Amnon Yariv
Década de 2010	2010: Shu Chien · 2011: John Bannister Goodenough · 2014: Thomas Kailath

Ciências Matemáticas, Estatísticas e Computacionais

Década de 1960	1963: Norbert Wiener · 1964: Solomon Lefschetz e Marston Morse · 1965: Oscar Zariski · 1966: John Milnor · 1967: Paul Cohen · 1968: Jerzy Neyman · 1969: William Feller
Década de 1970	1970: Richard Brauer · 1973: John Tukey · 1974: Kurt Gödel · 1975: John Backus, Shiing-Shen Chern e George Dantzig · 1976: Kurt Otto Friedrichs e Hassler Whitney · 1979: Joseph Leo Doob e Donald Knuth
Década de 1980	1982: Marshall Harvey Stone · 1983: Herman Goldstine e Isadore Singer · 1986: Peter Lax e Antoni Zygmund · 1987: Raoul Bott e Michael Freedman · 1988: Ralph Gomory e Joseph Keller · 1989: Samuel Karlin, Saunders Mac Lane e Donald Spencer
Década de 1990	1990: George Carrier, Stephen Kleene e John McCarthy · 1991: Alberto Calderón · 1992: Allen Newell · 1993: Martin Kruskal · 1994: John Cocke · 1995: Louis Nirenberg · 1996: Richard Karp e Stephen Smale · 1997: Shing-Tung Yau · 1998: Cathleen Synge Morawetz · 1999: Felix Browder e Ronald Coifman
Década de 2000	2000: John Griggs Thompson e Karen Uhlenbeck · 2001: Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao e Elias Stein · 2002: James Glimm · 2003: Carl de Boor · 2004: Dennis Sullivan · 2005: Bradley Efron · 2006: Hyman Bass · 2007: Leonard Kleinrock e Andrew Viterbi · 2009: David Mumford
Década de 2010	2010: Richard Alfred Tapia e S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan · 2011: Solomon Wolf Golomb e Barry Mazur · 2014: Alexandre Chorin, David Blackwell (póstuma) · 2015: Michael Artin

Ciências Físicas

Década de 1960	1963: Luis Walter Alvarez · 1964: Julian Schwinger, Harold Clayton Urey e Robert Burns Woodward · 1965: John Bardeen, Peter Debye, Leon Max Lederman e William Walden Rubey · 1966: Jacob Bjerknes, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Henry Eyring, John Hasbrouck Van Vleck e Vladimir Zworykin · 1967: Jesse Beams, Francis Birch, Gregory Breit · Louis Plack Hammett e George Kistiakowsky · 1968: Paul Doughty Bartlett, Herbert Friedman, Lars Onsager e Eugene Paul Wigner · 1969: Herbert Charles Brown e Wolfgang Panofsky
Década de 1970	1970: Robert Henry Dicke, Allan Rex Sandage, John Clarke Slater, John Archibald Wheeler e Saul Winstein · 1973: Carl Djerassi, William Maurice Ewing, Arie Jan Haagen-Smit, Vladimir Haensel, Frederick Seitz e Robert Rathbun Wilson · 1974: Nicolaas Bloembergen, Paul John Flory, William Alfred Fowler, Linus Pauling e Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer · 1975: Hans Bethe, Joseph Hirschfelder, Lewis Hastings Sarett, Edgar Bright Wilson e Chien-Shiung Wu · 1976: Samuel Abraham Goudsmit, Herbert S. Gutowsky, Frederick Rossini, Verner Suomi, Henry Taube e George Eugene Uhlenbeck · 1979: Richard Feynman, Hermann Mark, Edward Mills Purcell, John Sinfelt, Lyman Spitzer e Victor Weisskopf
Década de 1980	1982: Philip Warren Anderson, Yoichiro Nambu, Edward Teller e Charles Hard Townes · 1983: Margaret Burbidge, Maurice Goldhaber, Helmut Landsberg, Walter Munk, Frederick Reines, Bruno Rossi e John Robert Schrieffer · 1986: Solomon Buchsbaum, Horace Crane, Herman Feshbach, Robert Hofstadter e Chen Ning Yang · 1987: Philip Abelson, Walter Elsasser, Paul Christian Lauterbur, George Pake e James Van Allen · 1988: David Allan Bromley, Chu Ching-wu, Walter Kohn, Norman Foster Ramsey, Jack Steinberger · 1989: Arnold Orville Beckman, Eugene Parker, Robert Sharp e Henry Stommel
Década de 1990	1990: Allan Cormack, Edwin Mattison McMillan, Robert Pound e Roger Revelle · 1991: Arthur Schawlow, Ed Stone e Steven Weinberg · 1992: Eugene Shoemaker · 1993: Val Logsdon Fitch e Vera Rubin · 1994: Albert Overhauser e Frank Press · 1995: Hans Georg Dehmelt e Peter Goldreich · 1996: Wallace Smith Broecker · 1997: Marshall Rosenbluth, Martin Schwarzschild e George Wetherill · 1998: Don Lorraine Anderson e John Norris Bahcall · 1999: James Watson Cronin e Leo Kadanoff
Década de 2000	2000: Willis Eugene Lamb, Jeremiah Paul Ostriker e Gilbert Fowler White · 2001: Marvin Cohen, Raymond Davis Jr. e Charles Keeling · 2002: Richard Garwin, William Jason Morgan e Edward Witten · 2003: Brent Dalrymple, Riccardo Giacconi · 2004: Robert N. Clayton · 2005: Ralph Alpher e Lonnie Thompson · 2006: Daniel Kleppner · 2007: Fay Ajzenberg-Selove e Charles Pence Slichter · 2008: Berni Alder e James Gunn · 2009: Yakir Aharonov, Esther Marley Conwell e Warren Washington
Década de 2010	2011: Sidney Drell, Sandra Faber, Sylvester James Gates · 2012: Burton Richter, Sean Solomon · 2014: Shirley Ann Jackson

v d e Presidentes da American Physical Society
1899–1925	Henry Augustus Rowland (1899) Albert A. Michelson (1901) Arthur Gordon Webster (1903) Carl Barus (1905) Edward Leamington Nichols (1907) Henry Crew (1909) William Francis Magie (1911) Benjamin Osgood Peirce (1913) Ernest Merritt (1914) Robert Andrews Millikan (1916) Henry A. Bumstead (1918) Joseph Sweetman Ames (1919) Theodore Lyman (1921) Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (1923) Dayton Miller (1925)
1926–1950	Karl Taylor Compton (1927) Henry Gale (1929) William Francis Gray Swann (1931) Paul D. Foote (1933) Arthur Compton (1934) Robert W. Wood (1935) Floyd K. Richtmyer (1936) Harrison M. Randall (1937) Lyman James Briggs (1938) John Tate (1939) John Zeleny (1940) George B. Pegram (1941) George Stewart (1941) Percy Williams Bridgman (1942) Albert Hull (1943) Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (1944) Harvey Fletcher (1945) Edward Condon (1946) Lee Alvin DuBridge (1947) J. Robert Oppenheimer (1948) Francis Wheeler Loomis (1949) Isidor Isaac Rabi (1950)
1951–1975	Charles Christian Lauritsen (1951) John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (1952) Enrico Fermi (1953) H. Bethe (1954) Raymond Thayer Birge (1955) E. Wigner (1956) Henry DeWolf Smyth (1957) Jesse Beams (1958) George Uhlenbeck (1959) Victor Weisskopf (1960) Frederick Seitz (1961) William V. Houston (1962) John Harry Williams (1963) Robert Bacher (1964) Felix Bloch (1965) John Archibald Wheeler (1966) Charles H. Townes (1967) John Bardeen (1968) Luis Walter Alvarez (1969) Edward Mills Purcell (1970) Robert Serber (1971) Philip M. Morse (1972) Joseph Edward Mayer (1973) Wolfgang Panofsky (1974) Chien-Shiung Wu (1975)
1976–2000	William A. Fowler (1976) George Pake (1977) Norman Foster Ramsey (1978) Lewis Branscomb (1979) Herman Feshbach (1980) Arthur Schawlow (1981) Maurice Goldhaber (1982) Robert Marshak (1983) Mildred Dresselhaus (1984) Robert Rathbun Wilson (1985) Sidney Drell (1986) Val Logsdon Fitch (1987) James A. Krumhansl (1989) Eugen Merzbacher (1990) Nicolaas Bloembergen (1991) Ernest Henley (1992) Donald N. Langenberg (1993) Burton Richter (1994) Chandra Kumar Patel (1995) J.R. Schrieffer (1996) D. Allan Bromley (1997) Andrew Sessler (1998) Jerome Isaac Friedman (1999) James S. Langer (2000)
2001–Presente	George Trilling (2001) William F. Brinkman (2002) Myriam Sarachik (2003) Helen Quinn (2004) Marvin Cohen (2005) John Hopfield (2006) Leo Kadanoff (2007) Arthur Bienenstock (2008) Cherry Ann Murray (2009) Curtis Callan (2010) Barry Barish (2011) Robert L. Byer (2012) Michael Stanley Turner (2013) Malcolm R. Beasley (2014) Sam Aronson (2015) Homer Neal (2016) Laura Greene (2017) Roger Falcone (2018) David Gross (2019) Philip H. Bucksbaum (2020) Sylvester James Gates Jr. (2021) Frances Hellman (2022) Robert Rosner (2023)

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